Anatoly Fomenko: Difference between revisions

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Possible candidates (not in Istanbul):
Possible candidates (not in Istanbul):
* 1152 AD
* 1152 AD  
*


=== Eclipses ===
=== Eclipses ===
Line 50: Line 49:
|}
|}


=== Supernovas ===
=== Supernovae ===
Listed below are all the supernovas before 1500:
Listed below are all the supernovae before 1500:


{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Supernovas pre-Renaissance
|+Supernovae pre-Renaissance
! # !! Year !! Date !! Where !! Comments !! Stellarium !! Refs
! Supernova
! Constellation
! Apparent<br>magnitude
! Distance<br>(ly)
! Type
! Galaxy
! Comments
|-
| SN 185
| Centaurus
| align="center" | -4 (?) <ref>Modern estimates vary widely; see [[SN 185]] for more detail.</ref>
| 9,100<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ksenofontov|first=L. T.|last2=Berezhko|first2=E. G.|last3=Völk|first3=H. J.|date=2005-04-01|title=Magnetic field amplification in Tycho and other shell-type supernova remnants|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics|language=en|volume=433|issue=1|pages=229–240|doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20042015|issn=0004-6361|bibcode=2005A&A...433..229V|arxiv=astro-ph/0409453}}</ref>
| align="center" | Ia (?)
| Milky Way
| Surviving description sketchy; modern estimates of maximum apparent magnitude vary from +4 to &minus;8.  The remnant is probably [[RCW Catalogue|RCW]] 86, some 8200 ly distant,<ref>[http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2006/rcw86/ "New evidence links stellar remains to oldest recorded supernova"] Chandra X-ray Observatory, released 2006-09-18, revised 2009-02-20, retrieved 2010-02-26.</ref> making it comparable to [[SN 1572]].  Some researchers have suggested it was a comet, not a supernova.<ref name=Chin>{{Cite journal
|vauthors=Chin YN, Huang YL
|title=Identification of the Guest Star of AD 185 as a comet rather than a supernova
|journal=Nature
|volume=371
|issue=6496
|pages=398–399
|url=http://mail.tku.edu.tw/einmann/papers/SN185.ps
|url-status=dead
|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105121538/http://mail.tku.edu.tw/einmann/papers/SN185.ps
|archivedate=2013-11-05
|bibcode=1994Natur.371..398C
|year=1994
|doi=10.1038/371398a0
}}</ref><ref name=Zhao>{{Cite journal|vauthors=Zhao FY, Strom RG, Jiang SY |title=The Guest Star of AD185 Must Have Been a Supernova |journal=Chinese J Astron Astrophys. |date=2006 |volume=6 |issue=5 |pages=635–40 |doi=10.1088/1009-9271/6/5/17 |bibcode = 2006ChJAA...6..635Z }}</ref>
|-
| SN 386
| Sagittarius
| align="center" | +1.5
| 14,700
| align="center" | II
| Milky Way
| The candidate remnant is G11.2-0.3.<ref name="SEDS_SN_386">{{Cite web
| author=SEDS
| title=Supernova 386
| url=http://spider.seds.org/spider/Misc/sn0386.html
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| author=National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO)
| title=The Supernova of 386 AD
| url=http://images.nrao.edu/666
}}</ref>
|-
|-
| align=center | 1 || align=center | [[:Category:1000-1100 psyops|1098]] || align=center | [[:Category:07/01 psyops|07/01]] || align=center | [https://moonblink.info/File/EclipseMaps/1098_07_01.gif Central Americas, Western Africa] || '''Aztec, Maya, Muisca, Inca, West African archeoastronomy needed''' || align=center | [ 1098 AD] || align=center | <ref name=Nova group="S">[ 1054 AD]</ref>
| SN 393
| Scorpius
| align="center" | –0
| 34,000
| align="center" | &nbsp;
| Milky Way
| &nbsp;
|-
|-
| align=center | 1 || align=center | [[:Category:1000-1100 psyops|1098]] || align=center | [[:Category:07/01 psyops|07/01]] || align=center | [https://moonblink.info/File/EclipseMaps/1098_07_01.gif Central Americas, Western Africa] || '''Aztec, Maya, Muisca, Inca, West African archeoastronomy needed''' || align=center | [ 1098 AD] || align=center | <ref name=Nova group="S">[ 1054 AD]</ref>  
| SN 1006
| Lupus
| align="center" | –7.5<ref>{{cite journal
| last=Winkler | first=P. Frank
| title=The SN 1006 Remnant: Optical Proper Motions, Deep Imaging, Distance, and Brightness at Maximum
| journal=The Astrophysical Journal
| date=2003 | volume=585
| issue=1 | pages=324–335
| doi=10.1086/345985
| last2=Gupta
| first2=Gaurav
| last3=Long
| first3=Knox S. | bibcode=2003ApJ...585..324W|arxiv = astro-ph/0208415 }}</ref>
| 7,200
| align="center" | Ia
| Milky Way
| Widely observed on Earth; in apparent magnitude, the brightest stellar event in recorded history.<ref name = "NOAO1">{{cite press release | title = Astronomers Peg Brightness of History’s Brightest Star | publisher = National Optical Astronomy Observatory | date = 2003-03-05 | url = http://www.noao.edu/outreach/press/pr03/pr0304.html | accessdate = 2009-01-12 }}</ref>
|-
|-
| align=center | 1 || align=center | [[:Category:1000-1100 psyops|1098]] || align=center | [[:Category:07/01 psyops|07/01]] || align=center | [https://moonblink.info/File/EclipseMaps/1098_07_01.gif Central Americas, Western Africa] || '''Aztec, Maya, Muisca, Inca, West African archeoastronomy needed''' || align=center | [ 1098 AD] || align=center | <ref name=Nova group="S">[ 1054 AD]</ref>
| SN 1054
| Taurus
| align="center" | –6
| 6,500
| align="center" | II
| Milky Way
| Remnant is the [[Crab Nebula]] with its pulsar (neutron star)
|-
| SN 1181
| Cassiopeia
| align="center" | 0
| 8,500
| align="center" | &nbsp;
| Milky Way
| &nbsp;
|-
|-
|}
|}


=== Volcanic eruptions ===
=== Volcanic eruptions ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Major volcanic eruptions pre-Renaissance
! Name !! Year !! Date !! Location !! Comments !! Refs
|-
| Mystery || align=center | [[:Category:1400-1500 psyops|1465~]] || align=center |  || align=center | ? || <small>The 1465 mystery eruption was a large volcanic eruption conjectured to have taken place in 1465 or "the early 1460s". The '''location of this eruption is uncertain, as it has only been identified from distant ice core records and atmospheric events around the time of King Alfonso II of Naples's wedding in 1465; it is believed to have been VEI-7 and possibly even larger than Mount Tambora's 1815 eruption'''.</small> || align=center | <ref name=WikiMystery group="V">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1465_mystery_eruption Wiki - 1465 mystery eruption]</ref>
|-
| Samalas || align=center | [[:Category:1200-1300 psyops|1257]] || align=center |  || [[:Category:Psyops in Indonesia|Lombok, Indonesia]] || <small>The Samalas volcano erupted in 1257 on Lombok Island in Indonesia. The event had a probable Volcanic Explosivity Index of 7[a], making it one of the largest volcanic eruptions during the current Holocene epoch. It created eruption columns reaching tens of kilometres into the atmosphere and pyroclastic flows that buried much of Lombok Island and crossed the sea to reach the neighbouring island of Sumbawa. The flows destroyed human habitations, including the city of Pamatan, which was the capital of a kingdom on Lombok. Ash from the eruption fell as far as 340 kilometres (210 mi) away in Java; the volcano deposited more than 10 cubic kilometres (2.4 cu mi) of rocks and ash. The eruption was witnessed by people who recorded it on the Babad Lombok, a document written on palm leaves. It left behind a large caldera that contains Lake Segara Anak. Later volcanic activity created more volcanic centres in the caldera, including the Barujari cone, which remains active. The aerosols injected into the atmosphere reduced the solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface, cooling the atmosphere for several years and leading to famines and crop failures in Europe and elsewhere, although the exact scale of the temperature anomalies and their consequences is still debated. The eruption may have helped trigger the Little Ice Age, a centuries-long cold period during the last thousand years. Before the site of the eruption was known, an examination of ice cores around the world had found a large spike in sulfate deposition around 1257, providing strong evidence of a large volcanic eruption having occurred somewhere in the world. In 2013, scientists linked the historical records about Mount Samalas to these spikes.</small> || align=center | <ref name=WikiSamalas group="V">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1257_Samalas_eruption Wiki - 1257 Samalas eruption]</ref>
|-
| Paektu || align=center | [[:Category:900-1000 psyops|946~]] || align=center |  || [[:Category:Psyops in North Korea|North Korea]] & [[:Category:Psyops in China|China]] || <small>The 946 eruption of Paektu Mountain, also known as the Millennium Eruption or Tianchi eruption, was one of the most powerful in recorded history and is classified as a VEI 7 event. The eruption resulted in a brief period of significant climate change in Manchuria. The year of the eruption has not been precisely determined, but a possible year is A.D. 946. The eruption ejected about 100–120 cubic kilometres (24–29 cu mi) of tephra and collapsed the mountain into a caldera, which now contains the crater lake Heaven Lake. The eruption began with a strong Plinian column, and ended with voluminous pyroclastic flows. An average of 5 cm (2.0 in) of Plinian ashfall and coignimbrite ashfall covered about 1,500,000 km2 (580,000 sq mi) of the Sea of Japan and northern Japan. This ash layer has been named the "Baegdusan-Tomakomai ash"(B-Tm). It probably occurred in winter in late A.D. 946. This was one of the largest and most violent eruptions in the last 5000 years along with the Hatepe eruption of Lake Taupo at around 180 AD, the 1257 eruption of Mount Samalas near Mount Rinjani, and the 1815 eruption of [[Mount Tambora]].</small> || align=center | <ref name=WikiPaektu group="V">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/946_eruption_of_Paektu_Mountain Wiki - 946 Paektu eruption]</ref>
|-
| Hatepe || align=center | [[:Category:0-1000 psyops|180~]] || align=center |  || align=center | [[:Category:Psyops in New Zealand|New Zealand]] || <small>The Hatepe eruption, named for the Hatepe Plinian pumice tephra layer, sometimes referred to as the Taupo eruption and dated to around 180 AD, was Lake Taupo's most recent major eruption. It is considered New Zealand's largest eruption during the last 20,000 years. The eruption ejected some 120 km3 (29 cu mi), of which 30 km3 (7.2 cu mi) was ejected in a few minutes. This makes it one of the most violent eruptions in the last 5000 years, comparable to the Minoan eruption in the 2nd millennium BC, the 946 eruption of Paektu Mountain and the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora. The resulting ash turned the sky red over Rome and China.</small> || align=center | <ref name=WikiHatepe group="V">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatepe_eruption Wiki - 180 Hatepe eruption]</ref>
|-
|}
* Extreme weather events of 535–536<ref name=WikiExt535 group="X">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_weather_events_of_535%E2%80%93536 Wiki - Extreme weather events of 535–536]</ref>


<blockquote>"
"</blockquote>


=== Earthquakes ===
=== Earthquakes ===
Line 85: Line 182:
| 1831 BC or 1731 BC or 1652 BC
| 1831 BC or 1731 BC or 1652 BC
|
|
| [[Xia dynasty|Xia China]]<br>Mount Tai earthquake
| Xia China<br>Mount Tai earthquake
|
|
|
|
Line 496: Line 593:
=== Fomenko ===
=== Fomenko ===
<references group="F"/>
<references group="F"/>
=== General ===
<references group="X"/>


=== Eclipses ===
=== Eclipses ===
<references group="E"/>
<references group="E"/>
=== Supernovae ===
<references group="S"/>
=== Volcanic eruptions ===
<references group="V"/>
=== Earthquakes ===
<references group="Q"/>


[[Category:Historical narratives| ]]
[[Category:Historical narratives| ]]
[[Category:Alternative Academia|Fomenko]]
[[Category:Alternative Academia|Fomenko]]

Revision as of 18:24, 1 October 2019

Anatoly Fomenko is a Russian mathematician and historical researcher and the proponent of New Chronology, a revised historiography of the world.

Ideas

Crucifixion Darkness

Fomenko alleges that the "darkness" for "3 hours" at the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, according to the mainstream narrative on 04/03, 33 AD, was a solar eclipse, which makes more sense than the mainstream (lack of) explanation for such curious event, which may well have been the combination of clouds, sand storms and other meteorological phenomena, extending the maximum period of a total solar eclipse.

But then, from the alleged location of the crucifixion, a solar eclipse must have been visible.

Fomenko positions "Jerusalem" in Constantinople/Byzantium/Istanbul, so this must have been a hill nearby.

Fomenko states "1170 ± 20 AD". And on page 388 of New Chronology:

"It turns out that the solar eclipse of 1185 A.D. [??] corresponds a lot more to the real dating of the Crucifixion."

Possible candidates (not in Istanbul):

  • 1152 AD

Eclipses

Listed below are all the solar eclipses between 1100 and 1250:

Solar eclipses pre-Renaissance
# Year Date Where Comments Stellarium Refs
1 1098 07/01 Central Americas, Western Africa Aztec, Maya, Muisca, Inca, West African archeoastronomy needed [ 1098 AD] [E 1]
2 1116 07/11 Hawaii, Pacific Only visible from Hawaii; Hawaiian archeoastronomy needed [ 1116 AD] [E 2]
3 1134 07/23 Levant, Arabia, Persia, India, China, SE Asia, Australia Arabian, Persian, Indian, Chinese, aboriginal archeoastronomy needed [ 1134 AD] [E 3]
4 1152 08/02 NE South America, S Spain, Morocco, W Africa, Ethiopia, South Africa Moorish, Arabic, African, Ethiopian or Brazilian archeoastronomy needed [ 1152 AD] [E 4]
5 1170 08/13 Hawaii, Pacific Only visible from Hawaii; Hawaiian archeoastronomy needed
Together in the sky; Sun, Moon, Venus, Regulus and Mercurius; Moon occults Regulus. From Western Pacific beautiful sunrise with these bodies aligned.
[ 1170 AD - Kyoto] [E 5]
6 1188 08/24 "Tartaria", India, China, Korea, Japan, SE Asia, Australia "Tartarian", Indian, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, aboriginal archeoastronomy needed [ 1188 AD] [E 6]
7 1206 09/04 NE South America, Ireland, Iberia, Italy, France, Morocco, W Africa, Ethiopia, South Africa Must have been widely recognized [ 1206 AD] [E 7]
8 1224 09/14 Pacific, western Northern, Central and South America Only visible from Hawaii; Hawaiian, Aztec, Maya, Muisca, Inca archeoastronomy needed [ 1224 AD] [E 8]
9 1242 09/26 "Tartaria", India, China, Korea, Japan, SE Asia, Australia "Tartarian", Indian, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, aboriginal archeoastronomy needed [ 1242 AD] [E 9]
10 1260 10/06 NE South America, Iberia, Morocco, W Africa, Ethiopia, South Africa Moorish, Arabic, African archeoastronomy needed [ 1260 AD] [E 10]

Supernovae

Listed below are all the supernovae before 1500:

Supernovae pre-Renaissance
Supernova Constellation Apparent
magnitude
Distance
(ly)
Type Galaxy Comments
SN 185 Centaurus -4 (?) [1] 9,100[2] Ia (?) Milky Way Surviving description sketchy; modern estimates of maximum apparent magnitude vary from +4 to −8. The remnant is probably RCW 86, some 8200 ly distant,[3] making it comparable to SN 1572. Some researchers have suggested it was a comet, not a supernova.[4][5]
SN 386 Sagittarius +1.5 14,700 II Milky Way The candidate remnant is G11.2-0.3.[6][7]
SN 393 Scorpius –0 34,000   Milky Way  
SN 1006 Lupus –7.5[8] 7,200 Ia Milky Way Widely observed on Earth; in apparent magnitude, the brightest stellar event in recorded history.[9]
SN 1054 Taurus –6 6,500 II Milky Way Remnant is the Crab Nebula with its pulsar (neutron star)
SN 1181 Cassiopeia 0 8,500   Milky Way  

Volcanic eruptions

Major volcanic eruptions pre-Renaissance
Name Year Date Location Comments Refs
Mystery 1465~ ? The 1465 mystery eruption was a large volcanic eruption conjectured to have taken place in 1465 or "the early 1460s". The location of this eruption is uncertain, as it has only been identified from distant ice core records and atmospheric events around the time of King Alfonso II of Naples's wedding in 1465; it is believed to have been VEI-7 and possibly even larger than Mount Tambora's 1815 eruption. [V 1]
Samalas 1257 Lombok, Indonesia The Samalas volcano erupted in 1257 on Lombok Island in Indonesia. The event had a probable Volcanic Explosivity Index of 7[a], making it one of the largest volcanic eruptions during the current Holocene epoch. It created eruption columns reaching tens of kilometres into the atmosphere and pyroclastic flows that buried much of Lombok Island and crossed the sea to reach the neighbouring island of Sumbawa. The flows destroyed human habitations, including the city of Pamatan, which was the capital of a kingdom on Lombok. Ash from the eruption fell as far as 340 kilometres (210 mi) away in Java; the volcano deposited more than 10 cubic kilometres (2.4 cu mi) of rocks and ash. The eruption was witnessed by people who recorded it on the Babad Lombok, a document written on palm leaves. It left behind a large caldera that contains Lake Segara Anak. Later volcanic activity created more volcanic centres in the caldera, including the Barujari cone, which remains active. The aerosols injected into the atmosphere reduced the solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface, cooling the atmosphere for several years and leading to famines and crop failures in Europe and elsewhere, although the exact scale of the temperature anomalies and their consequences is still debated. The eruption may have helped trigger the Little Ice Age, a centuries-long cold period during the last thousand years. Before the site of the eruption was known, an examination of ice cores around the world had found a large spike in sulfate deposition around 1257, providing strong evidence of a large volcanic eruption having occurred somewhere in the world. In 2013, scientists linked the historical records about Mount Samalas to these spikes. [V 2]
Paektu 946~ North Korea & China The 946 eruption of Paektu Mountain, also known as the Millennium Eruption or Tianchi eruption, was one of the most powerful in recorded history and is classified as a VEI 7 event. The eruption resulted in a brief period of significant climate change in Manchuria. The year of the eruption has not been precisely determined, but a possible year is A.D. 946. The eruption ejected about 100–120 cubic kilometres (24–29 cu mi) of tephra and collapsed the mountain into a caldera, which now contains the crater lake Heaven Lake. The eruption began with a strong Plinian column, and ended with voluminous pyroclastic flows. An average of 5 cm (2.0 in) of Plinian ashfall and coignimbrite ashfall covered about 1,500,000 km2 (580,000 sq mi) of the Sea of Japan and northern Japan. This ash layer has been named the "Baegdusan-Tomakomai ash"(B-Tm). It probably occurred in winter in late A.D. 946. This was one of the largest and most violent eruptions in the last 5000 years along with the Hatepe eruption of Lake Taupo at around 180 AD, the 1257 eruption of Mount Samalas near Mount Rinjani, and the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora. [V 3]
Hatepe 180~ New Zealand The Hatepe eruption, named for the Hatepe Plinian pumice tephra layer, sometimes referred to as the Taupo eruption and dated to around 180 AD, was Lake Taupo's most recent major eruption. It is considered New Zealand's largest eruption during the last 20,000 years. The eruption ejected some 120 km3 (29 cu mi), of which 30 km3 (7.2 cu mi) was ejected in a few minutes. This makes it one of the most violent eruptions in the last 5000 years, comparable to the Minoan eruption in the 2nd millennium BC, the 946 eruption of Paektu Mountain and the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora. The resulting ash turned the sky red over Rome and China. [V 4]
  • Extreme weather events of 535–536[X 1]

" "

Earthquakes

Major earthquakes pre-Renaissance
Date Time Place Lat Long Deaths Mag Comments Sources
1831 BC or 1731 BC or 1652 BC Xia China
Mount Tai earthquake
? ? Listed in the Bamboo Annals [Q 1]
464 BC Sparta, Greece
464 BC Sparta earthquake
? 7.2 (approx) Template:M Led to a helot uprising and strained relations with Athens, one of the factors that led to the Peloponnesian War [Q 2]
226 BC Rhodes, Greece
226 BC Rhodes earthquake
? Destroyed Colossus of Rhodes and city of Kameiros [Q 3]
60 BC Portugal and Galicia coasts ? 8.5 Caused a tsunami [Q 4]
AD 17 At night Asia minor
17 AD Lydia earthquake
37.85 27.3 ? Destroyed 13 cities in Asia (minor) Described by the historians Tacitus and Pliny the Elder
February 5, AD 62 Bay of Naples, Italy
62 Pompeii earthquake
? 5–6 Brought down a large part of Pompeii, caused severe damage in Herculaneum and Nuceria. Seneca describes it in his "Quaestiones Naturales VI" [Q 5]
AD 110 Dian Kingdom, Yunnan, southwestern China probably thousands Flooded administrative centre of the Dian Kingdom [Q 6]
December 13, AD 115 Antioch, Middle East
115 Antioch earthquake
36.1 36.1 ~260,000 7.5 Ms [Q 7]
May 18, 363 AD Syria
Galilee earthquake of 363
"thousands" ~7 Destruction also in "The Holy Land", Petra Ammianus Marcellinus[Q 8] and numerous other late Antiquity writers[Q 9]
July 21, AD 365 Crete (Greece)
365 Crete earthquake
"thousands" XI Destruction also in Cyrene & Alexandria (by tsunami). Uplifted Crete by 9 metres. Ammianus Marcellinus[Q 8] and numerous other late Antiquity writers[Q 9]
382 Cape St. Vincent, Portugal 7.5 According to Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus, the earthquake and corresponding tsunami sank two islets that were situated near Cape St. Vincent. Ammianus Marcellinus
May 19, AD 526 Antioch, Turkey
526 Antioch earthquake
250,000 7.0 The city of Antioch was greatly damaged, and some decades later the city's population was just 300,000. Procopius, II.14.6; sources based on John of Ephesus
July 6, AD 551 Beirut, Tyre, Tripoli, Lebanon
551 Beirut earthquake
33.9 35.5 30,000 7.5 Mw Triggered a devastating tsunami, all the cities of the Phoenician coast from Tyre to Tripoli were reduced to ruins [Q 10]
January 18, AD 749[Q 11][10] The Levant
749 Galilee earthquake
"tens of thousands" 7 to 7.5 (approx) The cities of Tiberias, Beit She'an, Hippos and Pella were largely destroyed while many other cities across the Levant region were heavily damaged. [Q 11]
November 24, AD 847 Damascus, Syria
847 Antioch earthquake
33.5 36.3 70,000 7.3   [Q 10][11]
December AD 856 Corinth, Greece 37.9 22.9 45,000   [Q 12][Q 13]
December 22, AD 856 (aftershocks for about a year) Qumis, Iran. From Khuvar to Bastam and Gurgan. The town of Qumis (Hecatompylos) hardest hit.
856 Damghan earthquake
36.23 54.14 45,000–200,000. The city of Qumis was half destroyed and had 45,096 casualties. [Q 12][12]
July 13, AD 869 Sendai, Japan
869 Sanriku earthquake
38.5 143.8 ~1,000 8.6–9.0 Ms [Q 14]
March 23, AD 893 Ardabil, Iran
893 Ardabil earthquake
38.28 48.30 150,000 Regarded as a 'fake earthquake', due to misunderstanding of original Armenian sources for the 893 Dvin event.[Q 15][Q 16][Q 17][Q 18]
December 28, AD 893 Dvin, Armenia
893 Dvin earthquake
40.0 44.6 30,000 Mislocated in India [Q 19]
December, 1037 Taizhou, Jiangsu, China 32.0 119.0 22,391 [Q 20][13]
August 12, 1042 Palmyra, Baalbek, Syria, Lebanon 35.1 38.9 50,000 7.2 (>VIII)   [Q 10][Q 12]
March 18, 1068 Near East
1068 Near East earthquake
20,000 ≥ 7.0   [Q 21][Q 22]
October 11, 1138 Aleppo, Syria
1138 Aleppo earthquake
36.1 36.8 230,000 7.1   [Q 10][Q 19]
August 12, 1157 08:15 Hama, Syria
1157 Hama earthquake
35.1 36.3 "Tens of thousands" 7.2 Template:M Largest in a sequence lasting from late 1156 to early 1159 [Q 10][Q 19][Q 23]
February 4, 1169 Sicily, Italy
1169 Sicily earthquake
37.3 15.0 15,000 X   [Q 24]
June 29, 1170 06:29 Eastern Mediterranean
1170 Syria earthquake
34.4 36.4 5,000[Q 25]-80,000 in Aleppo
25,000 in Hama
7.3–7.5[Q 26] −7.7[14] Syria, Lebanon, central southern Turkey Numerous sources from Crusader times[15][16]
July 5, 1201 and/or May 20, 1202 Eastern Mediterranean
1202 Syria earthquake
1,100,000 (includes famine/disease deaths) 7.6 Damage across a wide area from Syria to Upper Egypt
May 11, 1222 06:15 Cyprus
1222 Cyprus earthquake
34.7 32.6 7.0–7.5 Caused damage at Paphos, Limassol and Nicosia [Q 27]
1268 Cilicia, Anatolia (Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia)
1268 Cilicia earthquake
37.5 35.5 60,000 7 (approx)
September 27, 1290 Chihli (Hopeh), China
1290 Chihli earthquake
41.5 119.3 100,000 6.8 Ms [Q 28]
May 26, 1293 Kamakura, Kanagawa, Kantō, Japan
1293 Kamakura earthquake
35.2 139.4 23,024 7.1   [Q 29]
August 8, 1303 06:00 1303 Crete earthquake, Greece 35 27 up to 10,000 ~8 Triggered a major tsunami that devastated Alexandria in Egypt [Q 30]
January 1, 1341 Crimea, Ukraine Not known 6 [Q 31]
January 25, 1348 15:00 Friuli, Venice, Rome
Earthquake of 1348
46.37 13.58 10,000 6.9 [Q 12]
October 18, 1356 Basel, Switzerland
1356 Basel earthquake
47.5 07.6 1,000 6.2 Template:M [Q 32]
May 21, 1382 Canterbury, UK
1382 Dover Straits earthquake
? 5.8 Struck during synod – later called "Earthquake Synod" – called to condemn heresy of John Wycliffe – some saw as portentous [Q 33][Q 34]
February 2, 1428 Catalonia (now Spain)
Catalan earthquake of 1428
42.4 2.2 1,000s VIII–IX Sometimes called the terratrèmol de la candelera because it took place during the Candlemas. [Q 35][Q 36]
3 May 1481 03:00 Rhodes, Greece
1481 Rhodes earthquake
36.0 28.0 30,000 7.1 Largest of a series that lasted 10 months [Q 37]
September 20, 1498 08:00 local time Honshu, Japan
1498 Nankai earthquake
34.0 138.1 31,000 8.6 Ms [Q 38]

See also

References

Fomenko


General

Eclipses

Supernovae


Volcanic eruptions

Earthquakes

  1. Bamboo Annals, listed under Xia chapters on King Fa's 7th year.
  2. Template:Cite journal
  3. Template:Cite journal
  4. Template:Cite journal
  5. Template:Cite web
  6. Template:Cite web
  7. Template:Cite web
  8. 8.0 8.1 Ammianus Marcellinus, "Res Gestae", 26.10.15–19
  9. 9.0 9.1 For summaries of the sources, see Template:Cite journal
  10. 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Template:Cite journal
  11. 11.0 11.1 Template:Cite news
  12. 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 IISEENET (Information Network of Earthquake disaster Prevention Technologies) – Search Page
  13. Template:Cite journal
  14. Template:Cite journal
  15. Template:Cite book
  16. Template:Cite book
  17. Berberian, M. 2006. Contribution to the Seismotectonics of Iran (Part III). Geological and Mining Survey of Iran.
  18. Template:Cite web
  19. 19.0 19.1 19.2 Template:Cite web Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Ambraseys" defined multiple times with different content
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  1. Modern estimates vary widely; see SN 185 for more detail.
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  3. "New evidence links stellar remains to oldest recorded supernova" Chandra X-ray Observatory, released 2006-09-18, revised 2009-02-20, retrieved 2010-02-26.
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