Anatoly Fomenko: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 17:47, 1 October 2019

Anatoly Fomenko is a Russian mathematician and historical researcher and the proponent of New Chronology, a revised historiography of the world.

Ideas

Crucifixion Darkness

Fomenko alleges that the "darkness" for "3 hours" at the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, according to the mainstream narrative on 04/03, 33 AD, was a solar eclipse, which makes more sense than the mainstream (lack of) explanation for such curious event, which may well have been the combination of clouds, sand storms and other meteorological phenomena, extending the maximum period of a total solar eclipse.

But then, from the alleged location of the crucifixion, a solar eclipse must have been visible.

Fomenko positions "Jerusalem" in Constantinople/Byzantium/Istanbul, so this must have been a hill nearby.

Fomenko states "1170 ± 20 AD". And on page 388 of New Chronology:

"It turns out that the solar eclipse of 1185 A.D. [??] corresponds a lot more to the real dating of the Crucifixion."

Possible candidates (not in Istanbul):

1152 AD

Eclipses

Listed below are all the solar eclipses between 1100 and 1250:

Solar eclipses pre-Renaissance
#	Year	Date	Where	Comments	Stellarium	Refs
1	1098	07/01	Central Americas, Western Africa	Aztec, Maya, Muisca, Inca, West African archeoastronomy needed	[ 1098 AD]	^{[E 1]}
2	1116	07/11	Hawaii, Pacific	Only visible from Hawaii; Hawaiian archeoastronomy needed	[ 1116 AD]	^{[E 2]}
3	1134	07/23	Levant, Arabia, Persia, India, China, SE Asia, Australia	Arabian, Persian, Indian, Chinese, aboriginal archeoastronomy needed	[ 1134 AD]	^{[E 3]}
4	1152	08/02	NE South America, S Spain, Morocco, W Africa, Ethiopia, South Africa	Moorish, Arabic, African, Ethiopian or Brazilian archeoastronomy needed	[ 1152 AD]	^{[E 4]}
5	1170	08/13	Hawaii, Pacific	Only visible from Hawaii; Hawaiian archeoastronomy needed Together in the sky; Sun, Moon, Venus, Regulus and Mercurius; Moon occults Regulus. From Western Pacific beautiful sunrise with these bodies aligned.	[ 1170 AD - Kyoto]	^{[E 5]}
6	1188	08/24	"Tartaria", India, China, Korea, Japan, SE Asia, Australia	"Tartarian", Indian, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, aboriginal archeoastronomy needed	[ 1188 AD]	^{[E 6]}
7	1206	09/04	NE South America, Ireland, Iberia, Italy, France, Morocco, W Africa, Ethiopia, South Africa	Must have been widely recognized	[ 1206 AD]	^{[E 7]}
8	1224	09/14	Pacific, western Northern, Central and South America	Only visible from Hawaii; Hawaiian, Aztec, Maya, Muisca, Inca archeoastronomy needed	[ 1224 AD]	^{[E 8]}
9	1242	09/26	"Tartaria", India, China, Korea, Japan, SE Asia, Australia	"Tartarian", Indian, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, aboriginal archeoastronomy needed	[ 1242 AD]	^{[E 9]}
10	1260	10/06	NE South America, Iberia, Morocco, W Africa, Ethiopia, South Africa	Moorish, Arabic, African archeoastronomy needed	[ 1260 AD]	^{[E 10]}

Supernovas

Listed below are all the supernovas before 1500:

Supernovas pre-Renaissance
#	Year	Date	Where	Comments	Stellarium	Refs
1	1098	07/01	Central Americas, Western Africa	Aztec, Maya, Muisca, Inca, West African archeoastronomy needed	[ 1098 AD]	^{[S 1]}
1	1098	07/01	Central Americas, Western Africa	Aztec, Maya, Muisca, Inca, West African archeoastronomy needed	[ 1098 AD]	^{[S 1]}
1	1098	07/01	Central Americas, Western Africa	Aztec, Maya, Muisca, Inca, West African archeoastronomy needed	[ 1098 AD]	^{[S 1]}

Volcanic eruptions

Earthquakes

Major earthquakes pre-Renaissance
Date	Time	Place	Lat	Long	Deaths	Mag	Comments	Sources
1831 BC or 1731 BC or 1652 BC		Xia China Mount Tai earthquake			?	?	Listed in the Bamboo Annals	^{[Q 1]}
464 BC		Sparta, Greece 464 BC Sparta earthquake			?	7.2 (approx)	Template:M Led to a helot uprising and strained relations with Athens, one of the factors that led to the Peloponnesian War	^{[Q 2]}
226 BC		Rhodes, Greece 226 BC Rhodes earthquake			?	–	Destroyed Colossus of Rhodes and city of Kameiros	^{[Q 3]}
60 BC		Portugal and Galicia coasts			?	8.5	Caused a tsunami	^{[Q 4]}
AD 17	At night	Asia minor 17 AD Lydia earthquake	37.85	27.3	?		Destroyed 13 cities in Asia (minor)	Described by the historians Tacitus and Pliny the Elder
February 5, AD 62		Bay of Naples, Italy 62 Pompeii earthquake			?	5–6	Brought down a large part of Pompeii, caused severe damage in Herculaneum and Nuceria.	Seneca describes it in his "Quaestiones Naturales VI" ^{[Q 5]}
AD 110		Dian Kingdom, Yunnan, southwestern China			probably thousands	–	Flooded administrative centre of the Dian Kingdom	^{[Q 6]}
December 13, AD 115		Antioch, Middle East 115 Antioch earthquake	36.1	36.1	~260,000	7.5	M_s	^{[Q 7]}
May 18, 363 AD		Syria Galilee earthquake of 363			"thousands"	~7	Destruction also in "The Holy Land", Petra	Ammianus Marcellinus^{[Q 8]} and numerous other late Antiquity writers^{[Q 9]}
July 21, AD 365		Crete (Greece) 365 Crete earthquake			"thousands"	XI	Destruction also in Cyrene & Alexandria (by tsunami). Uplifted Crete by 9 metres.	Ammianus Marcellinus^{[Q 8]} and numerous other late Antiquity writers^{[Q 9]}
382		Cape St. Vincent, Portugal				7.5	According to Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus, the earthquake and corresponding tsunami sank two islets that were situated near Cape St. Vincent.	Ammianus Marcellinus
May 19, AD 526		Antioch, Turkey 526 Antioch earthquake			250,000	7.0	The city of Antioch was greatly damaged, and some decades later the city's population was just 300,000.	Procopius, II.14.6; sources based on John of Ephesus
July 6, AD 551		Beirut, Tyre, Tripoli, Lebanon 551 Beirut earthquake	33.9	35.5	30,000	7.5	M_w Triggered a devastating tsunami, all the cities of the Phoenician coast from Tyre to Tripoli were reduced to ruins	^{[Q 10]}
January 18, AD 749^{[Q 11]}^[1]		The Levant 749 Galilee earthquake			"tens of thousands"	7 to 7.5 (approx)	The cities of Tiberias, Beit She'an, Hippos and Pella were largely destroyed while many other cities across the Levant region were heavily damaged.	^{[Q 11]}
November 24, AD 847		Damascus, Syria 847 Antioch earthquake	33.5	36.3	70,000	7.3		^{[Q 10]}^[2]
December AD 856		Corinth, Greece	37.9	22.9	45,000	–		^{[Q 12]}^{[Q 13]}
December 22, AD 856 (aftershocks for about a year)		Qumis, Iran. From Khuvar to Bastam and Gurgan. The town of Qumis (Hecatompylos) hardest hit. 856 Damghan earthquake	36.23	54.14	45,000–200,000.		The city of Qumis was half destroyed and had 45,096 casualties.	^{[Q 12]}^[3]
July 13, AD 869		Sendai, Japan 869 Sanriku earthquake	38.5	143.8	~1,000	8.6–9.0	M_s	^{[Q 14]}
March 23, AD 893		Ardabil, Iran 893 Ardabil earthquake	38.28	48.30	150,000	–	–	Regarded as a 'fake earthquake', due to misunderstanding of original Armenian sources for the 893 Dvin event.^{[Q 15]}^{[Q 16]}^{[Q 17]}^{[Q 18]}
December 28, AD 893		Dvin, Armenia 893 Dvin earthquake	40.0	44.6	30,000	–	Mislocated in India	^{[Q 19]}
December, 1037		Taizhou, Jiangsu, China	32.0	119.0	22,391			^{[Q 20]}^[4]
August 12, 1042		Palmyra, Baalbek, Syria, Lebanon	35.1	38.9	50,000	7.2 (>VIII)		^{[Q 10]}^{[Q 12]}
March 18, 1068		Near East 1068 Near East earthquake			20,000	≥ 7.0		^{[Q 21]}^{[Q 22]}
October 11, 1138		Aleppo, Syria 1138 Aleppo earthquake	36.1	36.8	230,000	7.1		^{[Q 10]}^{[Q 19]}
August 12, 1157	08:15	Hama, Syria 1157 Hama earthquake	35.1	36.3	"Tens of thousands"	7.2	Template:M Largest in a sequence lasting from late 1156 to early 1159	^{[Q 10]}^{[Q 19]}^{[Q 23]}
February 4, 1169		Sicily, Italy 1169 Sicily earthquake	37.3	15.0	15,000	X		^{[Q 24]}
June 29, 1170	06:29	Eastern Mediterranean 1170 Syria earthquake	34.4	36.4	5,000^{[Q 25]}-80,000 in Aleppo 25,000 in Hama	7.3–7.5^{[Q 26]} −7.7^[5]	Syria, Lebanon, central southern Turkey	Numerous sources from Crusader times^[6]^[7]
July 5, 1201 and/or May 20, 1202		Eastern Mediterranean 1202 Syria earthquake			1,100,000 (includes famine/disease deaths)	7.6	Damage across a wide area from Syria to Upper Egypt	–
May 11, 1222	06:15	Cyprus 1222 Cyprus earthquake	34.7	32.6		7.0–7.5	Caused damage at Paphos, Limassol and Nicosia	^{[Q 27]}
1268		Cilicia, Anatolia (Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia) 1268 Cilicia earthquake	37.5	35.5	60,000	7 (approx)		–
September 27, 1290		Chihli (Hopeh), China 1290 Chihli earthquake	41.5	119.3	100,000	6.8	M_s	^{[Q 28]}
May 26, 1293		Kamakura, Kanagawa, Kantō, Japan 1293 Kamakura earthquake	35.2	139.4	23,024	7.1		^{[Q 29]}
August 8, 1303	06:00	1303 Crete earthquake, Greece	35	27	up to 10,000	~8	Triggered a major tsunami that devastated Alexandria in Egypt	^{[Q 30]}
January 1, 1341		Crimea, Ukraine			Not known	6		^{[Q 31]}
January 25, 1348	15:00	Friuli, Venice, Rome Earthquake of 1348	46.37	13.58	10,000	6.9		^{[Q 12]}
October 18, 1356		Basel, Switzerland 1356 Basel earthquake	47.5	07.6	1,000	6.2	Template:M	^{[Q 32]}
May 21, 1382		Canterbury, UK 1382 Dover Straits earthquake			?	5.8	Struck during synod – later called "Earthquake Synod" – called to condemn heresy of John Wycliffe – some saw as portentous	^{[Q 33]}^{[Q 34]}
February 2, 1428		Catalonia (now Spain) Catalan earthquake of 1428	42.4	2.2	1,000s	VIII–IX	Sometimes called the terratrèmol de la candelera because it took place during the Candlemas.	^{[Q 35]}^{[Q 36]}
3 May 1481	03:00	Rhodes, Greece 1481 Rhodes earthquake	36.0	28.0	30,000	7.1	Largest of a series that lasted 10 months	^{[Q 37]}
September 20, 1498	08:00 local time	Honshu, Japan 1498 Nankai earthquake	34.0	138.1	31,000	8.6	M_s	^{[Q 38]}

References

Fomenko

Eclipses

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[Moon1098-1] 1098 AD

[Moon1116-2] 1116 AD

[Moon1134-3] 1134 AD

[Moon1152-4] 1152 AD

[Moon1170-5] 1170 AD

[Moon1188-6] 1188 AD

[Moon1206-7] 1206 AD

[Moon1224-8] 1224 AD

[Moon1242-9] 1242 AD

[Moon1260-10] 1260 AD

[23] Template:Cite news Template:Dead link

[IISEENET-24] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named IISEENET

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[E 1]

[E 2]

[E 3]

[E 4]

[E 5]

[E 6]

[E 7]

[E 8]

[E 9]

[E 10]

[S 1]

[Q 1]

[Q 2]

[Q 3]

[Q 4]

[Q 5]

[Q 6]

[Q 7]

[Q 8]

[Q 9]

[Q 10]

[Q 11]

[1]

[2]

[Q 12]

[Q 13]

[3]

[Q 14]

[Q 15]

[Q 16]

[Q 17]

[Q 18]

[Q 19]

[Q 20]

[4]

[Q 21]

[Q 22]

[Q 23]

[Q 24]

[Q 25]

[Q 26]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[Q 27]

[Q 28]

[Q 29]

[Q 30]

[Q 31]

[Q 32]

[Q 33]

[Q 34]

[Q 35]

[Q 36]

[Q 37]

[Q 38]

Anatoly Fomenko: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 17:47, 1 October 2019

Contents

Ideas

Crucifixion Darkness

Eclipses

Supernovas

Volcanic eruptions

Earthquakes

See also

References

Fomenko

Eclipses

Navigation menu

@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 |-
 | align=center | 10 || align=center | [[:Category:1200-1300 psyops|1260]] || align=center | [[:Category:10/06 psyops|10/06]] || align=center | [https://moonblink.info/File/EclipseMaps/1260_10_06.gif NE South America, Iberia, Morocco, W Africa, Ethiopia, South Africa] || '''Moorish, Arabic, African archeoastronomy needed''' || align=center | [ 1260 AD] || align=center | <ref name=Moon1260 group="E">[https://moonblink.info/Eclipse/eclipse/1260_10_06 1260 AD]</ref>
+|-
+|}
+=== Supernovas ===
+Listed below are all the supernovas before 1500:
+{| class="wikitable sortable"
+|+Supernovas pre-Renaissance
+! # !! Year !! Date !! Where !! Comments !! Stellarium !! Refs
+|-
+| align=center | 1 || align=center | [[:Category:1000-1100 psyops|1098]] || align=center | [[:Category:07/01 psyops|07/01]] || align=center | [https://moonblink.info/File/EclipseMaps/1098_07_01.gif Central Americas, Western Africa] || '''Aztec, Maya, Muisca, Inca, West African archeoastronomy needed''' || align=center | [ 1098 AD] || align=center | <ref name=Nova group="S">[ 1054 AD]</ref>
+|-
+| align=center | 1 || align=center | [[:Category:1000-1100 psyops|1098]] || align=center | [[:Category:07/01 psyops|07/01]] || align=center | [https://moonblink.info/File/EclipseMaps/1098_07_01.gif Central Americas, Western Africa] || '''Aztec, Maya, Muisca, Inca, West African archeoastronomy needed''' || align=center | [ 1098 AD] || align=center | <ref name=Nova group="S">[ 1054 AD]</ref>
+|-
+| align=center | 1 || align=center | [[:Category:1000-1100 psyops|1098]] || align=center | [[:Category:07/01 psyops|07/01]] || align=center | [https://moonblink.info/File/EclipseMaps/1098_07_01.gif Central Americas, Western Africa] || '''Aztec, Maya, Muisca, Inca, West African archeoastronomy needed''' || align=center | [ 1098 AD] || align=center | <ref name=Nova group="S">[ 1054 AD]</ref>
+|-
+|}
+=== Volcanic eruptions ===
+=== Earthquakes ===
+{| class="wikitable sortable"
+|+Major earthquakes pre-Renaissance
+|- bgcolor="#ececec"
+! Date
+! Time
+! Place
+! Lat
+! Long
+! <!--align="right"|-->Deaths
+! <!--align="right"|-->Mag
+! Comments
+! Sources
+|-
+| 1831 BC or 1731 BC or 1652 BC
+|
+| [[Xia dynasty|Xia China]]<br>Mount Tai earthquake
+|
+|
+| align="right" | ?
+| align="right" | ?
+| Listed in the ''[[Bamboo Annals]]''
+| align="right" | <ref name=Bamboo group="Q">''[[Bamboo Annals]]'', listed under Xia chapters on King Fa's 7th year.</ref>
+|-
+| 464 BC
+|
+| Sparta, [[:Category:Psyops in Greece|Greece]]<br>464 BC Sparta earthquake
+|
+|
+| align="right" | ?
+| align="right" | 7.2 (approx)
+| {{m|s|link=y}} Led to a [[helots|helot]] uprising and strained relations with [[Athens]], one of the factors that led to the [[Peloponnesian War]]
+| align="right" | <ref name=Armijo group="Q">{{cite journal |url=http://www.ipgp.jussieu.fr/~armijo/ArmijoPDF/ArmijoNature91-N&B.pdf |last=Armijo |first=R. |last2=Lyon-Caen |first2=H. |last3=Papanastassiou |first3=D. |year=1991 |title=A possible normal-fault rupture for the 464 BC Sparta earthquake |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=351 |issue=6322 |pages=137–139 |doi=10.1038/351137a0 |bibcode = 1991Natur.351..137A }}</ref>
+|-
+| 226 BC
+|
+| Rhodes, [[:Category:Psyops in Greece|Greece]]<br>226 BC Rhodes earthquake
+|
+|
+| align="right" | ?
+| align="right" | –
+| Destroyed [[Colossus of Rhodes]] and city of Kameiros
+| align="right" | <ref name=Erel group="Q">{{cite journal |url=http://www.blackmeditjournal.org/blackmeditjournal.org/pdf/4-%20Traces%20of%20Historical%20earthquakess.pdf |last=Erel |first=T. L. |last2=Adatepe |first2=F. |year=2007 |title=Traces of Historical earthquakes in the ancient city life at the Mediterranean region |journal=J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment |volume=13 |pages=241–252 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725081038/http://www.blackmeditjournal.org/blackmeditjournal.org/pdf/4-%20Traces%20of%20Historical%20earthquakess.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-25 }}</ref>
+|-
+| 60 BC
+|
+| [[:Category:Psyops in Portugal|Portugal]] and [[:Category:Psyops in Spain|Galicia]] coasts
+|
+|
+| align="right" | ?
+| align="right" | '''8.5'''
+| '''Caused a tsunami'''
+| align="right" | <ref name=Baptista group="Q">{{cite journal|title=Revision of the Portuguese catalog of tsunamis|first=M.A.|last=Baptista|first2=J.M.|last2=Miranda|year=2009|journal=Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences|volume=9|pages=25–42|doi=10.5194/nhess-9-25-2009|url=http://repositorio.ipl.pt/bitstream/10400.21/1265/1/Revision%20of%20the%20Portuguese%20catalog%20of%20tsunamis.rep.pdf}}</ref>
+|-
+| AD 17
+| At night
+| [[Asia minor]]<br>17 AD Lydia earthquake
+| 37.85
+| 27.3
+| align="right" | ?
+|
+| Destroyed 13 cities in Asia (minor)
+| Described by the historians [[Tacitus]] and [[Pliny the Elder]]
+|-
+| February 5, AD 62
+|
+| Bay of Naples, [[:Category:Psyops in Italy|Italy]]<br>62 Pompeii earthquake
+|
+|
+| align="right" | ?
+| align="right" | 5–6
+| Brought down a large part of [[Pompeii]], caused severe damage in [[Herculaneum]] and Nuceria.
+| align="right" | [[Seneca the Younger|Seneca]] describes it in his "Quaestiones Naturales VI" <ref name=Seneca group="Q">{{cite web |url=http://www.mummytombs.com/pompeii/primary.seneca.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2011-04-27 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110412003836/http://www.mummytombs.com/pompeii/primary.seneca.htm |archivedate=2011-04-12 }}</ref>
+|-
+| AD 110
+|
+| Dian Kingdom, Yunnan, southwestern [[:Category:Psyops in China|China]]
+|
+|
+| align="right" | probably thousands
+| align="right" | –
+| Flooded administrative centre of the Dian Kingdom
+|align="right" |<ref name=Wei group="Q">{{cite web|url=http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/weilue/notes11_30.html|title=Notes to the Wei lue|website=depts.washington.edu}}</ref>
+|-
+| December 13, AD 115
+|
+| [[Antioch]], [[:Category:Psyops in Syria|Middle East]]<br>115 Antioch earthquake
+| 36.1
+| 36.1
+| align="right" |~260,000
+| align="right" |7.5
+| M<sub>s</sub>
+| align="right" |<ref name="NGDC_115" group="Q">{{cite web|url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=64&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display|title=Comments for the Significant Earthquake|last=[[National Geophysical Data Center]]|accessdate=19 October 2011}}</ref>
+|-
+| May 18, 363 AD
+|
+| [[:Category:Psyops in Syria|Syria]]<br>Galilee earthquake of 363
+|
+|
+| align="right" | "thousands"
+| align="right" | ~7
+| Destruction also in "[[The Holy Land]]", [[Petra]]
+| align="right" | [[Ammianus Marcellinus]]<ref name="Ammianus Marcellinus, 26.10.15-19" group="Q">[[Ammianus Marcellinus]], [http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/ammianus_26_book26.htm#C9 "Res Gestae", 26.10.15–19]</ref> and numerous other [[late Antiquity]] writers<ref name="ReferenceA" group="Q">For summaries of the sources, see {{cite journal |last=Stiros |first=Stathis C. |title=The AD 365 Crete earthquake and possible seismic clustering during the fourth to sixth centuries AD in the Eastern Mediterranean: a review of historical and archaeological data |journal=Journal of Structural Geology |volume=23 |year=2001 |issue=2–3 |pages=545–562 [p. 557f., App. A] |doi=10.1016/S0191-8141(00)00118-8 |bibcode = 2001JSG....23..545S }}</ref>
+|-
+| July 21, AD 365
+|
+| Crete ([[:Category:Psyops in Greece|Greece]])<br>365 Crete earthquake
+|
+|
+| align="right" | "thousands"
+| align="right" | XI
+| Destruction also in Cyrene & [[Alexandria]] (by '''tsunami'''). Uplifted Crete by 9 metres.
+| align="right" | [[Ammianus Marcellinus]]<ref name="Ammianus Marcellinus, 26.10.15-19" group="Q"/> and numerous other [[late Antiquity]] writers<ref name="ReferenceA" group="Q"/>
+|-
+| 382
+|
+| Cape St. Vincent, [[:Category:Psyops in Portugal|Portugal]]
+|
+|
+| align="right" |
+| align="right" | 7.5
+| According to '''Roman historian [[Ammianus Marcellinus]]''', the earthquake and corresponding tsunami sank two islets that were situated near [[Cape St. Vincent]].
+| align="right" | [[Ammianus Marcellinus]]
+|-
+| May 19, AD 526
+|
+| [[Antioch]], [[:Category:Psyops in Turkey|Turkey]]<br>526 Antioch earthquake
+|
+|
+| align="right" | 250,000
+| align="right" | 7.0
+| The city of Antioch was greatly damaged, and some decades later the city's population was just 300,000.
+| align="right" | [[Procopius]], II.14.6; sources based on [[John of Ephesus]]
+|-
+| July 6, AD 551
+|
+| Beirut, Tyre, Tripoli, [[:Category:Psyops in Lebanon|Lebanon]]<br>551 Beirut earthquake
+| 33.9
+| 35.5
+| align="right" | 30,000
+| align="right" | 7.5
+| M<sub>w</sub> Triggered a '''devastating tsunami''', '''<big>all the cities of the [[Phoenicia]]n coast from Tyre to Tripoli were reduced to ruins</big>'''
+| align="right" |<ref name ="Sbeinati" group="Q"/>
+|-
+| January 18, AD 749<ref name="ref" group="Q">{{cite news |url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/the-big-one-is-coming-1.96548 |title=The big one is coming |first=Amiram |last=Barkat |date=August 8, 2003 |newspaper=Haaretz }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=749 CE Golan quake shows another is overdue |first=Judy |last=Siegel-Itzkovich |date=October 14, 2007 |newspaper=Jerusalem Post |url=http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1192380554474&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull }}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
+|
+| The [[Levant]]<br>749 Galilee earthquake
+|
+|
+| align="right" | "tens of thousands"
+| align="right" | 7 to 7.5 (approx)
+| The cities of [[Tiberias]], [[Beit She'an]], [[Hippos]] and [[Pella, Jordan|Pella]] were largely destroyed while many other cities across the [[Levant]] region were heavily damaged.
+| align="right" | <ref name="ref" group="Q"/>
+|-
+| November 24, AD 847
+|
+| Damascus, [[:Category:Psyops in Syria|Syria]] <br>847 Antioch earthquake
+| 33.5
+| 36.3
+| align="right" | 70,000
+| align="right" | 7.3
+| &nbsp;
+| align="right" | <ref name ="Sbeinati" group="Q">{{cite journal |url=http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/908/1/01Sbeinati.pdf |last=Sbeinati |first=M. R. |last2=Darawcheh |first2=R. |last3=Mouty |first3=M. |year=2005 |title=The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D |journal=Annals of Geophysics |volume=48 |issue= |pages=347–435 |doi= }}</ref><ref name ="IISEENET"/>
+|-
+| December AD 856
+|
+| Corinth, [[:Category:Psyops in Greece|Greece]]
+| 37.9
+| 22.9
+| align="right" | 45,000
+| align="right" | –
+| &nbsp;
+| align="right" | <ref name ="IISEENET" group="Q"/><ref name=Milne group="Q">{{cite journal |url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazard/data/cdroms/Seismicity_v1/data/usa/historic/milne.txt |last=Milne |first=J. |title=A Catalog of Destructive Earthquakes, A.D. 7 to A.D. 1899 |journal=Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 1911 |pages=649–740 }}</ref>
+|-
+| December 22, AD 856 ('''aftershocks for about a year''')
+|
+| Qumis, [[:Category:Psyops in Iran|Iran]]. From Khuvar to Bastam and Gurgan. The town of Qumis (Hecatompylos) hardest hit. <br>856 Damghan earthquake
+| 36.23
+| 54.14
+| align="right" | 45,000–200,000.
+|
+| The city of Qumis was half destroyed and had '''45,096 casualties'''.
+| align="right" | <ref name ="IISEENET" group="Q"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/hhshu/notes10.html#10_2%5D|title=Section 10 â€" The Kingdom of Anxi 安息 (the Parthian Empire)|website=depts.washington.edu}}</ref>
+|-
+| July 13, AD 869
+|
+| Sendai, [[:Category:Psyops in Japan|Japan]]<br>869 Sanriku earthquake
+| 38.5
+| 143.8
+| align="right" |~1,000
+| align="right" | 8.6–9.0
+| M<sub>s</sub>
+| align="right" |<ref name="Minoura" group="Q">{{cite journal|last=Minoura|first=K.|author2=Imamura F.|author3=Sugawara D.|author4=Kono Y.|author5=Iwashita T.|year=2001|title=The 869 Jōgan tsunami deposit and recurrence interval of large-scale tsunami on the Pacific coast of northeast Japan|journal=Journal of Natural Disaster Science|volume=23|issue=2|pages=83–88|url=http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jsnds/contents/jnds/23_2_3.pdf|accessdate=12 March 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110401030224/http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jsnds/contents/jnds/23_2_3.pdf|archivedate=1 April 2011}}</ref>
+|-
+| March 23, AD 893
+|
+| Ardabil, [[:Category:Psyops in Iran|Iran]]<br>893 Ardabil earthquake
+| 38.28
+| 48.30
+| align="right" | 150,000
+| align="right" | –
+| –
+| align="right" | '''Regarded as a <big>'fake earthquake'</big>, due to misunderstanding of original Armenian sources for the 893 Dvin event'''.<ref name="Ambraseys&Melville" group="Q">{{cite book|last1=Ambraseys|first1=N.N.|last2=Melville|first2=C.P.|title=A History of Persian Earthquakes  |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1JkfKub5vakC&pg=PR7|accessdate=29 September 2011|series=Cambridge Earth Science|year=2005|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-02187-6|page=175}}</ref><ref name="Gupta" group="Q">{{cite book|last=Gupta|first=H.|title=Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BHgOwNCGbnAC&pg=PA566|edition=2|series=Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences|year=2011|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-90-481-8701-0|page=566}}</ref><ref name=Berberian group="Q">[http://www.gsi.ir/Product/Lang_en/Page_29/TypeId_/DataId_118/Action_Pn4/book.html Berberian, M. 2006. Contribution to the Seismotectonics of Iran (Part III). Geological and Mining Survey of Iran.]</ref><ref name=Gates group="Q">{{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/14130291/Encyclopedia-of-Earthquakes-and-Volcanoes-3rd-Ed|title=Gates, A.E. & Ritchie D. 2007. Encyclopedia of Earthquakes and Volcanoes, 3rd Edition, Facts on File Inc. 365pp}}</ref>
+|-
+| December 28, AD 893
+|
+| Dvin, [[:Category:Psyops in Armenia|Armenia]]<br>893 Dvin earthquake
+| 40.0
+| 44.6
+| align="right" | 30,000
+| align="right" | –
+| '''Mislocated in [[:Category:Psyops in India|India]]'''
+| align="right" | <ref name=Ambraseys group="Q">{{cite web|url=http://www.iisc.ernet.in/currsci/feb252004/506.pdf|title=Ambraseys, N.N. 2004. Three little known early earthquakes in India. Current Science, 86, 506–508}}</ref>
+|-
+|-
+| December, 1037
+|
+| Taizhou, Jiangsu, [[:Category:Psyops in China|China]]
+| 32.0
+| 119.0
+| align="right" | 22,391
+|
+|
+| align="right" | <ref name="NGDC_1037" group="Q">{{cite web | url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=326&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display | title=Comments for the significant earthquake | publisher=National Centers for Environmental Information | website=The Significant Earthquake Database | accessdate=8 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=American Peoples Encyclopedia|last=|first=|publisher=The Spencer Press|year=1955|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref>
+|-
+| '''[[:Category:08/12 psyops|August 12]]''', [[:Category:1000-1100 psyops|1042]]
+|
+| [[Palmyra]], [[Baalbek]], [[:Category:Psyops in Syria|Syria]], [[:Category:Psyops in Lebanon|Lebanon]]
+| 35.1
+| 38.9
+| align="right" | 50,000
+| align="right" | 7.2 (>VIII)
+| &nbsp;
+| align="right" | <ref name ="Sbeinati" group="Q"/><ref name ="IISEENET" group="Q"/>
+|-
+| [[:Category:03/18 psyops|March 18]], [[:Category:1000-1100 psyops|1068]]
+|
+| Near East<br>1068 Near East earthquake
+|
+|
+| align="right" | 20,000
+| align="right" | ≥ 7.0
+| &nbsp;
+| align="right" | <ref name=Abdel group="Q"/><ref name=Klinger group="Q"/>
+|-
+| October 11, 1138
+|
+| [[Aleppo]], [[:Category:Psyops in Syria|Syria]]<br>1138 Aleppo earthquake
+| 36.1
+| 36.8
+| align="right" | 230,000
+| align="right" | 7.1
+| &nbsp;
+| align="right" | <ref name ="Sbeinati" group="Q"/><ref name ="Ambraseys" group="Q">{{cite web|url=http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/793/1/31Ambraseys.pdf|title=Ambraseys, N. N., 2004 The 12th century seismic paroxysm in the Middle East: a historical perspective Annals of Geophysics, Vol. 47, N. 2/3, p. 743}}</ref>
+|-
+| '''[[:Category:08/12 psyops|August 12]]''', [[:Category:1100-1200 psyops|1157]]
+| 08:15
+| Hama, [[:Category:Psyops in Syria|Syria]]<br>1157 Hama earthquake
+| 35.1
+| 36.3
+| align="right" | "Tens of thousands"
+| align="right" | 7.2
+| {{m|s|link=y}} Largest in a sequence lasting from late 1156 to early 1159
+| align="right" | <ref name ="Sbeinati" group="Q"/><ref name ="Ambraseys" group="Q"/><ref name ="Khair" group="Q">{{cite web|url=http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/1261/1/05.pdf|title=Khair, K., Karakaisis, G.F. & Papdimitriou, E.E. 2000. Seismic zonation of the Dead Sea Transform Fault area. Annali di Geofisica, 43, 61–79}}</ref>
+|-
+| February 4, 1169
+|
+| Sicily, [[:Category:Psyops in Italy|Italy]]<br>1169 Sicily earthquake
+| 37.3
+| 15.0
+| align="right" | 15,000
+| align="right" | X
+| &nbsp;
+| align="right" | <ref name=Sicily group="Q">{{cite web|url=http://www.earth-prints.org/bitstream/2122/1718/1/08%20guidoboni.pdf|title=Guidoboni, E. & Traina, G. 1996. Earthquakes in medieval Sicily – a historical revision (7th–13th century). Annali di Geofisica, 39, 1201–1225}}</ref>
+|-
+| [[:Category:06/29 psyops|June 29]], '''[[:Category:1170 psyops|1170]]'''
+| 06:29
+| '''Eastern Mediterranean<br>1170 Syria earthquake'''
+| 34.4
+| 36.4
+| align="right" | 5,000<ref name=Allen group="Q">[http://www.sonic.net/~tallen/palmtree/ayyarch/ch7.htm#quake Ayyubid Architecture, Chapter 7] by Terry Allen</ref>-80,000 in Aleppo<br>25,000 in Hama
+| align="right" | 7.3–7.5<ref name=Guidoboni group="Q">{{cite web|url=http://www.cosis.net/abstracts/EGS02/06161/EGS02-A-06161-1.pdf|title=LATE HOLOCENE PALEOSEISMIC TIMING AND SLIP RATE ALONG THE MISSYAF SEGMENT OF THE DEAD SEA FAULT IN SYRIA}}</ref> −7.7<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.earth-prints.org/handle/2122/3472|title=The large earthquake on 29 June 1170 (Syria, Lebanon, and central southern Turkey)|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth|volume=109|doi=10.1029/2003JB002523|year=2004|last1=Guidoboni|first1=Emanuela|last2=Bernardini|first2=Filippo|last3=Comastri|first3=Alberto|last4=Boschi|first4=Enzo}}</ref>
+| [[Syria]], [[Lebanon]], central southern [[Turkey]]
+| align="right" | Numerous sources from Crusader times<ref name ="Ambraseys" /><ref name ="Khair" />
+|-
+| July 5, 1201 and/or May 20, 1202
+|
+| Eastern Mediterranean<br>1202 Syria earthquake
+|
+|
+| align="right" | '''1,100,000 (includes famine/disease deaths)'''
+| align="right" | 7.6
+| '''Damage across a wide area from [[:Category:Psyops in Syria|Syria]] to [[:Category:Psyops in Egypt|Upper Egypt]]'''
+| align="right" | –
+|-
+| May 11, 1222
+| 06:15
+| [[:Category:Psyops in Cyprus|Cyprus]]<br>1222 Cyprus earthquake
+| 34.7
+| 32.6
+|
+| align="right" |  7.0–7.5
+| Caused damage at Paphos, Limassol and Nicosia
+| align="right" |<ref name="Antonopoulos" group="Q">{{cite journal|last=Antonopoulos|first=J.|year=1980|title=Data from investigation on seismic Sea waves events in the Eastern Mediterranean from 1000 to 1500 A.D|journal=Annali di Geofisica|volume=33|pages=179–198|url=http://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/article/viewFile/4703/4785}}</ref>
+|-
+| 1268
+|
+| Cilicia, Anatolia ([[:Category:Psyops in Armenia|Armenian]] Kingdom of Cilicia)<br>1268 Cilicia earthquake
+| 37.5
+| 35.5
+| align="right" | 60,000
+| align="right" | 7 (approx)
+|
+| align="right" | –
+|-
+| September 27, 1290
+|
+| Chihli (Hopeh), [[:Category:Psyops in China|China]]<br>1290 Chihli earthquake
+| 41.5
+| 119.3
+| align="right" | 100,000
+| align="right" | 6.8
+| M<sub>s</sub>
+| align="right" | <ref name="Destructive" group="Q">[https://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/most_destructive.php USGS page of most destructive earthquakes] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090901233953/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/most_destructive.php |date=2009-09-01 }}</ref>
+|-
+| May 26, 1293
+|
+| Kamakura, Kanagawa, Kantō, [[:Category:Psyops in Japan|Japan]]<br>1293 Kamakura earthquake
+| 35.2
+| 139.4
+| align="right" | 23,024
+| align="right" | 7.1
+| &nbsp;
+| align="right" | <ref name=Dunbar group="Q">{{cite web|url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?t=101650&s=9&d=228,91,95,93&nd=display&eq_0=110|title=Tsunami Event|first=Paula|last=Dunbar|website=www.ngdc.noaa.gov}}</ref>
+|-
+| August 8, 1303
+| 06:00
+| 1303 Crete earthquake, [[:Category:Psyops in Greece|Greece]]
+| 35
+| 27
+| align="right" | up to 10,000
+| align="right" | ~8
+| Triggered a major tsunami that devastated [[Alexandria]] in [[Egypt]]
+| align="right" | <ref name="Papadopolous" group="Q">{{cite journal|doi=10.5194/nhess-7-57-2007|last=Papadopolous|first=G.A. |author2=Daskalaki E. |author3=Fokaefs A.  |author4=Giraleas N.|year=2007|title=Tsunami hazards in the Eastern Mediterranean: strong earthquakes and tsunamis in the East Hellenic Arc and Trench system|journal=Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences|volume=7|issue=1|pages=57–64|accessdate=26 July 2010|url=http://hal-insu.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/29/94/03/PDF/nhess-7-57-2007.pdf}}</ref>
+|-
+| January 1, 1341
+|
+| Crimea, [[:Category:Psyops in Ukraine|Ukraine]]
+|
+|
+| align="right" | '''Not known'''
+| align="right" | 6
+|
+| align="right" |<ref name="Crimea" group="Q">{{cite web |url=http://earthquakes.findthedata.com/l/5993/Ukraine-Crimea |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-01-13 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20141229060028/http://earthquakes.findthedata.com/l/5993/Ukraine-Crimea |archivedate=2014-12-29 }}
+</ref>
+|-
+| January 25, 1348
+| 15:00
+| Friuli, [[:Category:Psyops in Italy|Venice]], [[:Category:Psyops in Rome|Rome]]<br>Earthquake of 1348
+| 46.37
+| 13.58
+| align="right" | 10,000
+| align="right" | 6.9
+|
+| align="right" |<ref name ="IISEENET" group="Q">[http://iisee.kenken.go.jp/utsu/utsuweq_bak_eng.html IISEENET (Information Network of Earthquake disaster Prevention Technologies) – Search Page]
+</ref>
+|-
+| October 18, 1356
+|
+| Basel, [[:Category:Psyops in Switzerland|Switzerland]]<br>1356 Basel earthquake
+| 47.5
+| 07.6
+| align="right" | 1,000
+| align="right" | 6.2
+| {{m|w|link=y}}
+| align="right" | <ref name=Basel group="Q">[http://quake.usgs.gov/research/deformation/modeling/papers/thomas_abstracts/Lambertetal_QSR2004.pdf Lambert, J., Winter1, T., Dewez, T.J.B. & Sabourault, P. 2004. New hypotheses on the maximum damage area of the 1356 Basel earthquake (Switzerland). ''Quaternary Science Reviews'', 24, 381–399.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929103419/http://quake.usgs.gov/research/deformation/modeling/papers/thomas_abstracts/Lambertetal_QSR2004.pdf |date=2006-09-29 }}
+</ref>
+|-
+| May 21, 1382
+|
+| Canterbury, [[:Category:Psyops in the United Kingdom|UK]]<br>1382 Dover Straits earthquake
+|
+|
+| align="right" | ?
+| align="right" | 5.8
+| '''Struck during synod – later called "[[Earthquake Synod]]" – called to condemn heresy of [[John Wycliffe]] – some saw as portentous'''
+| align="right" | <ref name=Cross group="Q">"Earthquake Synod." In Cross, F. L. and E. A. Livingstone, eds. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. London: Oxford UP, 1974. p. 437</ref><ref name=Hamel group="Q">De Hamel, Christopher.  The Book. A History of the Bible.  London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2001. p. 169</ref>
+|-
+| February 2, 1428
+|
+| Catalonia (now [[:Category:Psyops in Spain|Spain]])<br>Catalan earthquake of 1428
+| 42.4
+| 2.2
+| align="right" | 1,000s
+| align="right" | VIII–IX
+| Sometimes called the ''terratrèmol de la candelera'' because it took place during the [[Presentation of Jesus at the Temple|Candlemas]].
+| align="right" | <ref name=Josep group="Q">[[Josep Perarnau i Espelt]] (2002). [http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2219787 "La lletra de Felip de Malla informant el rei Alfons del terratrèmol de la Candelera, 1428".] ''Arxiu de textos catalans antics'', 21:665–670. ISSN 0211-9811</ref><ref name=Banda  group="Q">E. Banda and A. M. Correig (1984), "The Catalan earthquake of February 2, 1428", ''Engineering Geology'', '''20''':89–97.</ref>
+|-
+| 3 May 1481
+| 03:00
+| Rhodes, [[:Category:Psyops in Greece|Greece]]<br>1481 Rhodes earthquake
+| 36.0
+| 28.0
+| align="right" |30,000
+| align="right" |7.1
+| Largest of a series that lasted 10 months
+| align="right" |<ref name="NGDC1481" group="Q">{{cite web|url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=635&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display|title=Comments for the Significant Earthquake|last=NGDC|accessdate=24 July 2010}}</ref>
+|-
+| September 20, 1498
+| 08:00 local time
+| Honshu, [[:Category:Psyops in Japan|Japan]]<br>1498 Nankai earthquake
+| 34.0
+| 138.1
+| align="right"|31,000
+| align="right"|8.6
+| M<sub>s</sub>
+| align="right"|<ref name="NGDC_1498" group="Q">{{cite web|url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=7383&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display|title=Comments for the Significant Earthquake|last=NGDC|accessdate=30 October 2010}}</ref>
 |-
 |}