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This is a glossary of terms, celestial bodies and researchers in the TYCHOS book, first published by Simon Shack on March 21st, 2018.[SS 1]

List of terms

Mainstream terms used in the TYCHOS book
Term Description Chapters
bold in detail
Notes
binary star/binary system a binary star is a star system consisting of two stars orbiting around their common barycenter. These systems, especially when more distant, often appear to the unaided eye as a single point of light, and are then revealed as multiple by other means. 1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24, 27, 28 [SS 2]
[WPT 1]
adaptive optics a technology used to improve the performance of optical systems by reducing the effect of incoming wavefront distortions by deforming a mirror in order to compensate for the distortion. It is used in astronomical telescopes to remove the effects of atmospheric distortion. 1 [SS 3]
[WPT 2]
apparent magnitude a number that is a measure of its brightness as seen by an observer on Earth. The brighter an object appears, the lower its magnitude value (i.e. inverse relation). 35 [SS 4]
[WPT 3]
Shack-Hartmann principle an optical instrument used for characterizing an imaging system. It is a wavefront sensor commonly used in adaptive optics systems. Shack–Hartmann sensors are used to characterize eyes for corneal treatment of complex refractive errors. 1 [SS 2]
[WPT 4]
Equation of Time the discrepancy between two kinds of solar time. The word equation is used in the medieval sense of "reconcile a difference". The two times that differ are the apparent solar time, which directly tracks the diurnal motion of the Sun, and mean solar time, which tracks a theoretical mean Sun with noons 24 hours apart. 26 [SS 5]
[WPT 5]
Sothic cycle a period of 1,461 Egyptian civil years of 365 days each or 1,460 Julian years averaging 365¼ days each. During a Sothic cycle, the 365-day year loses enough time that the start of its year once again coincides with the heliacal rising of the star Sirius on 19 July in the Julian calendar. 25, 33 [SS 6]
[WPT 6]
analemma a diagram showing the variation of the position of the Sun in the sky over the course of a year, as viewed at a fixed time of day and from a fixed location on the Earth. 26 [SS 5]
[WPT 7]
sidereal year 31 [SS 7]
[WPT 8]
sidereal day 31 [SS 7]
[WPT 9]
solar year/tropical year 31 [SS 7]
[WPT 10]
solar day/civil day 31 [SS 7]
[WPT 11]
anomalistic year 31 [SS 7]
[WPT 12]
tidal locking occurs when the long-term interaction between a pair of co-orbiting astronomical bodies drives the rotation rates into a harmonic ratio with the orbital period. 11 [SS 8]
[WPT 13]
aberration of light an astronomical phenomenon which produces an apparent motion of celestial objects about their true positions, dependent on the velocity of the observer. Aberration causes objects to appear to be displaced towards the direction of motion of the observer compared to when the observer is stationary. 34 [SS 9]
[WPT 14]
apparent retrograde motion [WPT 15]
apsidal precession 28 [SS 10]
[WPT 16]
axial tilt 8 [SS 11]
[WPT 17]
circumbinary [WPT 18]
equinoctial precession a change in the orientation of the rotational axis of a rotating body. In astronomy, precession refers to any of several slow changes in an astronomical body's rotational or orbital parameters. An important example is the steady change in the orientation of the axis of rotation of the Earth, known as the precession of the equinoxes. 22 [SS 12]
[WPT 19]
[WPT 20]
astronomical unit (AU) [WPT 21]
right ascension (RA) [WPT 22]
declination (DECL) [WPT 23]
perigee [WPT 24]
apogee [WPT 24]
perihelion [WPT 25]
aphelion [WPT 25]
conjunction (inferior/superior) [WPT 26]
prograde [WPT 27]
retrograde [WPT 27]
equinox [WPT 28]
solstice [WPT 29]
General Relativity (GR) the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and the current description of gravitation in modern physics. 28 [SS 10]
[WPT 30]
Binary Research Institute The Binary Research Institute was formed in 2001 to support and fund research regarding the hypothesis that the Sun is part of a binary star system. 1, 14, 18, 24, 30 [1]
NEAVE planetarium interactive sky map for exploring the stars and planets. 7, 8 [2]
SCOPE planetarium free online model of solar system and night sky. 7 [3]
Stellarium free open source planetarium for your computer. It shows a realistic sky in 3D, just like what you see with the naked eye, binoculars or a telescope. 7, 8 [4]
TYCHOS-specific terms used in the TYCHOS book
Term Description Chapters
bold in detail
Notes
TYCHOS a revised model of our solar system. Its basic orbital configuration is based on the semi-Tychonian model as defined by Longomontanus in his Astronomia Danica (1622), a monumental work regarded as Tycho Brahe’s “testament”. Although the semi-Tychonic and the TYCHOS models are geometrically similar, they significantly differ in that the latter assigns an orbit to Earth – whereas the former considers Earth as a motionless (albeit diurnally-rotating) celestial body. All [SS 13]
[SS 14]
Annual Constant of Precession (ACP) 16, 19, 20, 22, 24, 27, 30 [SS 12]
Empiric Sidereal Interval (ESI) 6, 7, 10 [SS 15]
geoptical 34 [SS 9]
PVP orbit 19 [SS 16]
PVP constant 19 [SS 16]
True Mean Synodic Period (TMSP) 11, 17, 27 [SS 17]
Tychosium 2D a bi-dimensional overhead view (as seen from above Earth's North Pole) of our Sun-Mars 'geoaxial' binary system. 21 [SS 18]
Tychosium 3D 21 [SS 19]
TYCHOS Great Year (TGY) 32 [SS 20]

List of celestial bodies

Note: bodies with a higher apparent magnitude than ~4 (city) or 6 (faintest) are not visible with the naked eye

Celestial bodies (not) mentioned in the TYCHOS book
Name App. magnitude Description Chapters
bold in detail
Notes
Earth Home. All [WPB 1]
Sun -26.74 Our star, accompanied by Mars in a binary system. All [WPB 2]
Moon -12.74 Moon of Earth. Preface, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 23, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 [SS 17]
[WPB 3]
Mercury -2.6-5.7 Junior moon of the Sun. Preface, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 27, 28, Epilogue [SS 21]
[WPB 4]
Venus -4.9 to -3.8 Senior moon of the Sun. 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 20, 27 [SS 22]
[WPB 5]
Mars -3.0-1.6 Binary companion of the Sun. Preface, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 26, 27, 36, Epilogue [SS 23]
[WPB 6]
Jupiter -2.94 to -1.6 P-type planet. 2, 3, 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 20, 26, 27, 29, 36 [SS 24]
[WPB 7]
Saturn -0.24-1.47 P-type planet. 2, 3, 6, 9, 13, 15, 29, 35, 36 [SS 24]
[WPB 8]
Uranus 5.32-5.9 P-type planet. 9, 13, 15, 29 [SS 24]
[WPB 9]
Neptune 7.78-8.02 P-type planet. 9, 13, 15, 29 [SS 24]
[WPB 10]
Pluto 13.65-16.3 P-type planet. 9, 15, 29 [SS 24]
[WPB 11]
Phobos 11.8 Senior moon of Mars. 3, 5 [SS 25]
[WPB 12]
Deimos 12.89 Junior moon of Mars. 3, 5 [SS 25]
[WPB 13]
Ganymede 4.38-4.61 Largest Galilean moon of Jupiter. 3 [WPB 14]
Io 5.02 Innermost Galilean moon of Jupiter. 3, 26 [WPB 15]
Europa 5.29 Smallest Galilean moon of Jupiter. 3 [WPB 16]
Callisto 5.65 2nd-largest Galilean moon of Jupiter. [WPB 17]
Titan 8.2-9.0 Largest moon of Saturn. [WPB 18]
Iapetus 10.2-11.9 3rd-largest moon of Saturn. [WPB 19]
Rhea 10 2nd-largest moon of Saturn. [WPB 20]
Tethys 10.2 2nd-brightest moon of Saturn. [WPB 21]
Dione 10.4 3rd of inner moons of Saturn. [WPB 22]
Enceladus 11.7 6th-largest moon of Saturn. [WPB 23]
Mimas 12.9 Largest moon of Saturn. [WPB 24]
Triton 13.47 Largest moon of Neptune. [WPB 25]
Titania 13.9 Largest moon of Uranus. [WPB 26]
Oberon 14.1 2nd-largest moon of Uranus. [WPB 27]
Ariel 14.4 4th-largest moon of Uranus. [WPB 28]
Umbriel 14.5 3rd-largest moon of Uranus. [WPB 29]
Miranda 15.8 5th-largest moon of Uranus. [WPB 30]
Main Asteroid Belt Asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. 14 [WPB 31]
Kuiper Belt Kuiper object belt outside of orbit of Neptune. 14 [WPB 32]
Sirius -1.46 Brightest star in the night sky, binary system. 1, 3, 4, 6, 32, 33 [SS 26]
[WPB 33]
Vega -0.02-0.07 5th-brightest star in the night sky. 5, 14, 19, 26, 36 [WPB 34]
Fomalhaut 1.16 18th-brightest star in the night sky. Binary star system with exoplanets, 2nd-brightest star with exoplanets, after Pollux. 14 [WPB 35]
Deneb 1.25 19th brightest star in the night sky. 35 [WPB 36]
Alpha Centauri 1.33 Binary/triple star system, closest to Earth. Exoplanet found around Proxima Centauri. 1, 35, 36 [SS 4]
[WPB 37]
Regulus 1.4 21st brightest star in the night sky. 4+ star system. Near ecliptic. 6 [WPB 38]
Polaris 1.86-2.13 North Star, binary system. Preface, 5, 8, 18, 19, 34, Epilogue [SS 16]
[WPB 39]
Delta Capricorni 2.81 Binary system. 7 [WPB 40]
Tau Ceti 3.5 Single star, possibly 5 exoplanets. 14 [WPB 41]
Thuban 3.65 PVP Pole Star over time. 19 [WPB 42]
Epsilon Eridani 3.74 Single star, exoplanet and asteroid belt supposed. 14 [WPB 43]
Beta Pictoris 3.86 Single star, exoplanet found. 14 [WPB 44]
55 Cancri 5.95 Binary star system, 5 exoplanets found. 14 [WPB 45]
Barnard's Star 9.51 Wandering star, highest proper motion. Preface [WPB 46]
Canopus -0.74 2nd-brightest star in the night sky. [WPB 47]
Arcturus -0.05 4th-brightest star in the night sky. [WPB 48]
Capella 0.03-0.16 6th-brightest star in the night sky, double binary star system. [WPB 49]
Rigel 0.05-0.18 7th-brightest star in the night sky, brightest of Orion, 3 to 5 star system. [WPB 50]
Procyon 0.34 8th-brightest star in the night sky, binary system. [WPB 51]
Betelgeuse 0.0-1.3 9th-brightest star in the night sky, 2nd-brightest of Orion. [WPB 52]
Achernar 0.40-0.46 10th-brightest star in the night sky, binary system. [WPB 53]
Beta Centauri 0.61 11th-brightest star in the night sky. Triple star system. [WPB 54]
Altair 0.76 12th-brightest star in the night sky, breaking up? [WPB 55]
Alpha Crucis 0.76 13th-brightest star in the night sky. Multiple star system. [WPB 56]
Aldebaran 0.75-0.95 14th-brightest star in the night sky. Likely hosting exoplanets. [WPB 57]
Antares 0.6-1.6 15th-brightest star in the night sky. Likely largest known star. [WPB 58]
Spica 0.97-1.04 16th-brightest star in the night sky, binary system. [WPB 59]
Pollux 1.14 17th-brightest star in the night sky. Has the closest exoplanet to Earth. [WPB 60]
Mimosa 1.23-1.31 20th-brightest star in the night sky, binary system. [WPB 61]
Bellatrix 1.59-1.64 25th-brightest star in the night sky. Right shoulder of Orion (seen from Northern hemisphere, the left shoulder is Betelgeuse). [WPB 62]
Pleiades 1.6 Seven stars appearing close together. [WPB 63]
Gamma Crucis 1.64 Single star. [WPB 64]
Alnilam 1.69 Central star of Orion's Belt. Single star. [WPB 65]
Alnitak 1.77 Left star of Orion's Belt (seen from Northern hemisphere). Triple star system. [WPB 66]
Alioth 1.77 31st-brightest star in the night sky. Leftmost and brightest star of the Big Dipper. [WPB 67]
Dubhe 1.79 2nd-brightest star of the Big Dipper. Has a companion. [WPB 68]
Alkaid 1.86 3rd-brightest star of the Big Dipper. Single star. [WPB 69]
Castor 1.93 Triple star system. [WPB 70]
Mizar 2.04 4th-brightest star of the Big Dipper. Visual double star, part of quadruple system with Alcor. [WPB 71]
Saiph 2.09 Left foot of Orion (seen from Northern hemisphere, the right foot is Rigel). [WPB 72]
Algol 2.12-3.39 Triple star system. [WPB 73]
Mintaka 2.23 Right star of Orion's Belt (seen from Northern hemisphere). Multiple star system. [WPB 74]
Merak 2.37 5th-brightest star of the Big Dipper. Single star. [WPB 75]
Phecda 2.43 6th-brightest star of the Big Dipper. Astrometric binary. [WPB 76]
Alderamin 2.51 Pole Star over time. [WPB 77]
Megrez 3.31 7th-brightest (dimmest) star of the Big Dipper. Two companions. [WPB 78]
Large Magellanic Cloud 0.9 The 3rd-closest galaxy to the Milky Way in the constellations of Dorado and Mensa. [WPB 79]
Andromeda Galaxy 3.44 The nearest major galaxy to the Milky Way in the constellation of Andromeda. [WPB 80]

List of researchers

Researchers referred to in the TYCHOS book
Name Centuries Description Chapters Notes
Simon Shack 21st Author of TYCHOS. [SS 27]
Tycho Brahe 16/17th Danish astronomer responsible for the development of the Tychonian model, upon which the TYCHOS is based. Preface, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 18, 26, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36 [WPR 1]
Hipparchus -2nd Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician, is considered the founder of trigonometry but is most famous for his incidental discovery of precession of the equinoxes. 30, 32, 36 [WPR 2]
Sosigenes of Alexandria -1st Greek astronomer from Ptolemaic Egypt who, according to Roman historian Pliny the Elder, was consulted by Julius Caesar for the design of the Julian calendar. 32 [WPR 3]
Ptolemy 2nd Greco-Roman mathematician, astronomer, geographer and astrologer responsible for the development of the geocentric model. 6, 18, 27, 30, 36 [WPR 4]
Nilakantha Somayaji 15/16th Indian mathematician and astronomer of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics. One of his most influential works was the comprehensive astronomical treatise Tantrasamgraha completed in 1501. Preface, 2 [WPR 5]
Longomontanus 16/17th Danish astronomer who really developed Tycho's geoheliocentric model empirically and publicly to common acceptance in the 17th century in his 1622 astronomical tables. He published the voluminous Astronomia Danica (1622), regarded as the testament of Tycho Brahe. Preface, 5, 12 [WPR 6]
Nicolaus Copernicus 16th Polish/Prussian mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe. The publication of Copernicus' model in his book De revolutionibus orbium coelestium in 1543 was a major event in the history of science, triggering the Copernican Revolution. Preface, 5, 6, 18, 35, 36, Epilogue [WPR 7]
Galileo Galilei 16/17th Italian polymath, central figure in the transition from natural philosophy to modern science and transformation of the scientific Renaissance into a scientific revolution. Galileo's championing of heliocentrism and Copernicanism was controversial during his lifetime, when most subscribed to either geocentrism or the Tychonic system. Preface, 12 [WPR 8]
Johannes Kepler 17th German mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer, best known for his laws of planetary motion, based on his works Astronomia nova, Harmonices Mundi, and Epitome of Copernican Astronomy, provided one of the foundations for Isaac Newton's theory of universal gravitation. Preface, 5, 6, 11, 20, 26, Epilogue [WPR 9]
Giovanni Cassini 17th Italian mathematician, astronomer and engineer. Discoverer of 4 moons of Saturn. 36 [WPR 10]
Giovanni Riccioli 17th Italian astronomer and Catholic priest in the Jesuit order. He is known, for his experiments with pendulums and with falling bodies, for his discussion of 126 arguments concerning the motion of the Earth, for describing the first binary star system and for introducing the current scheme of lunar nomenclature. 1 [WPR 11]
Cristoph Scheiner 17th German Jesuit priest, physicist and astronomer. 12 [WPR 12]
Isaac Newton 17/18th English mathematician, astronomer, theologian, author and physicist, widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time, and a key figure in the scientific revolution. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687), laid the foundations of classical mechanics. Preface, 4, 10, 28, Epilogue [WPR 13]
Ole Roemer 17th/18th Danish astronomer who in 1676 made the first quantitative measurements of the speed of light, persuaded the king to introduce the Gregorian calendar in Denmark-Norway — something Tycho Brahe had argued for in vain a hundred years earlier. 26 [WPR 14]
James Bradley 18th English astronomer and priest. Best known for two fundamental discoveries in astronomy, the aberration of light (1725–1728), and the nutation of the Earth's axis (1728–1748). Preface, 26, 34, Epilogue [SS 9]
[WPR 15]
Pathani Samanta 19th Indian astronomer and scholar who measured the distance from earth with a bamboo pipe and many other traditional instruments that he built. His observations, research and calculations were compiled into a book Siddhanta Darpana. Preface, 2, 6 [WPR 16]
Friedrich Bessel 19th German astronomer, mathematician, physicist and geodesist. He was the first astronomer who determined reliable values for the distance from the sun to another star by the method of parallax. 36 [WPR 17]
Simon Newcomb 19th Canadian–American astronomer, applied mathematician and autodidactic polymath, made important contributions to timekeeping. 30, 36 [WPR 18]
Rudolf Steiner 19/20th Austrian philosopher, social reformer, architect and esotericist, founded an esoteric spiritual movement, anthroposophy, with roots in German idealist philosophy and theosophy; other influences include Goethean science and Rosicrucianism. Preface [WPR 19]
Albert Einstein 20th German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, awarded Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. Preface, 3, 4, 6, 10, Epilogue [WPR 20]
John Knight Fotheringham 20th British historian who was an expert on ancient astronomy and chronology. He established the chronology of the Babylonian dynasties. 30 [WPR 21]
Robert Russell Newton 20th American physicist, astronomer, and historian of science, known for his work on change of the rotation rate of the Earth, and historical observations of eclipses. 30 [WPR 22]
Vittorio Goretti 20th Italian amateur astronomer and a discoverer of minor planets, discovered 32 main-belt asteroids. 36 [WPR 23]
Theodor Landscheidt 20th German author, astrologer and amateur climatologist. 13 [WPR 24]
Karl-Heinz Homann 20th/21st German electronic technician. 33 [SS 28]
Howard Margolis 20th/21st American social scientist. His study of social theory focused on the underpinnings of individual choice and judgment that shape aggregate social outcomes. 1 [SS 29]
[WPR 25]
James Schombert 20th/21st American astrophysicist (1984, Yale), Fields of research: Galaxy Surveys, Evolution and Properties of Galaxies. 1 [SS 30]
[5]
Walter Cruttenden 20th/21st American amateur theoretical archaeo-astronomer and author of the binary theory of precession. 1, 18, 24, 30, 33 [SS 31]
[6]
Anthony Ayiomamitis 21st Greek astrophotographer. 26 [7]
Christiaan Huygens 17th Dutch physicist, mathematician, astronomer and inventor, who is widely regarded as one of the greatest scientists of all time and a major figure in the scientific revolution. Inventor of the telescope and discoverer of Titan, largest moon of Saturn. [WPR 26]

References

TYCHOS

Wikipedia

Terms

Celestial bodies

Researchers

Other links

External links