Anatoly Fomenko
Anatoly Fomenko is a Russian mathematician and historical researcher and the proponent of New Chronology, a revised historiography of the world.
Ideas
Crucifixion Darkness
Fomenko alleges that the "darkness" for "3 hours" at the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, according to the mainstream Vatican narrative on 04/03, 33 AD, was a solar eclipse, which makes a little bit more sense than the mainstream (lack of) explanation for such curious event, which may well have been the combination of clouds, sand storms and other meteorological phenomena, extending the maximum period of a total solar eclipse.
But then, from the alleged location of the crucifixion, a solar eclipse must have been visible.
Fomenko positions "Jerusalem" in Constantinople/Byzantium/Istanbul, so this must have been a hill nearby.
Fomenko states "1170 ± 20 AD". And on page 388 of New Chronology:
"It turns out that the solar eclipse of 1185 A.D. [??] corresponds a lot more to the real dating of the Crucifixion." It is unclear why Fomenko bothers to look for an eclipse around this event because if you take the bible literally the crucificion happened around Passover, which starts on a full moon. So this places the sun and moon on opposite sides of earth. And the period of darkness, which in the bible lasts about 3 hours is much too long for an eclipse. Why should God have to take into account the laws of planetary motion in the first place? This seems like a case of cherry picking by Fomenko.
Possible candidates (not in Istanbul):
- 1152 AD
Eclipses
Listed below are all the solar eclipses between 1100 and 1250:
# | Year | Date | Where | Comments | Stellarium | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1098 | 07/01 | Central Americas, Western Africa | Aztec, Maya, Muisca, Inca, West African archeoastronomy needed | [ 1098 AD] | [E 1] |
2 | 1116 | 07/11 | Hawaii, Pacific | Only visible from Hawaii; Hawaiian archeoastronomy needed | [ 1116 AD] | [E 2] |
3 | 1134 | 07/23 | Levant, Arabia, Persia, India, China, SE Asia, Australia | Arabian, Persian, Indian, Chinese, aboriginal archeoastronomy needed | [ 1134 AD] | [E 3] |
4 | 1152 | 08/02 | NE South America, S Spain, Morocco, W Africa, Ethiopia, South Africa | Moorish, Arabic, African, Ethiopian or Brazilian archeoastronomy needed | [ 1152 AD] | [E 4] |
5 | 1170 | 08/13 | Hawaii, Pacific | Only visible from Hawaii; Hawaiian archeoastronomy needed Together in the sky; Sun, Moon, Venus, Regulus and Mercurius; Moon occults Regulus. From Western Pacific beautiful sunrise with these bodies aligned. |
[ 1170 AD - Kyoto] | [E 5] |
6 | 1188 | 08/24 | "Tartaria", India, China, Korea, Japan, SE Asia, Australia | "Tartarian", Indian, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, aboriginal archeoastronomy needed | [ 1188 AD] | [E 6] |
7 | 1206 | 09/04 | NE South America, Ireland, Iberia, Italy, France, Morocco, W Africa, Ethiopia, South Africa | Must have been widely recognized | [ 1206 AD] | [E 7] |
8 | 1224 | 09/14 | Pacific, western Northern, Central and South America | Only visible from Hawaii; Hawaiian, Aztec, Maya, Muisca, Inca archeoastronomy needed | [ 1224 AD] | [E 8] |
9 | 1242 | 09/26 | "Tartaria", India, China, Korea, Japan, SE Asia, Australia | "Tartarian", Indian, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, aboriginal archeoastronomy needed | [ 1242 AD] | [E 9] |
10 | 1260 | 10/06 | NE South America, Iberia, Morocco, W Africa, Ethiopia, South Africa | Moorish, Arabic, African archeoastronomy needed | [ 1260 AD] | [E 10] |
Supernovae
Listed below are all the supernovae before 1500:
Supernova | Constellation | Apparent magnitude |
Distance (ly) |
Type | Galaxy | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SN 185 | Centaurus | -4 (?) [1] | 9,100[2] | Ia (?) | Milky Way | Surviving description sketchy; modern estimates of maximum apparent magnitude vary from +4 to −8. The remnant is probably RCW 86, some 8200 ly distant,[3] making it comparable to SN 1572. Some researchers have suggested it was a comet, not a supernova.[4][5] |
SN 386 | Sagittarius | +1.5 | 14,700 | II | Milky Way | The candidate remnant is G11.2-0.3.[6][7] |
SN 393 | Scorpius | –0 | 34,000 | Milky Way | ||
SN 1006 | Lupus | –7.5[8] | 7,200 | Ia | Milky Way | Widely observed on Earth; in apparent magnitude, the brightest stellar event in recorded history.[9] |
SN 1054 | Taurus | –6 | 6,500 | II | Milky Way | Remnant is the Crab Nebula with its pulsar (neutron star) |
SN 1181 | Cassiopeia | 0 | 8,500 | Milky Way |
Volcanic eruptions
Name | Year | Date | Location | Comments | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mystery | 1465~ AD | ? | The 1465 mystery eruption was a large volcanic eruption conjectured to have taken place in 1465 or "the early 1460s". The location of this eruption is uncertain, as it has only been identified from distant ice core records and atmospheric events around the time of King Alfonso II of Naples's wedding in 1465; it is believed to have been VEI-7 and possibly even larger than Mount Tambora's 1815 eruption. | [V 1] | |
Samalas | 1257 AD | Lombok, Indonesia | The Samalas volcano erupted in 1257 on Lombok Island in Indonesia. The event had a probable Volcanic Explosivity Index of 7[a], making it one of the largest volcanic eruptions during the current Holocene epoch. It created eruption columns reaching tens of kilometres into the atmosphere and pyroclastic flows that buried much of Lombok Island and crossed the sea to reach the neighbouring island of Sumbawa. The flows destroyed human habitations, including the city of Pamatan, which was the capital of a kingdom on Lombok. Ash from the eruption fell as far as 340 kilometres (210 mi) away in Java; the volcano deposited more than 10 cubic kilometres (2.4 cu mi) of rocks and ash. The eruption was witnessed by people who recorded it on the Babad Lombok, a document written on palm leaves. It left behind a large caldera that contains Lake Segara Anak. Later volcanic activity created more volcanic centres in the caldera, including the Barujari cone, which remains active. The aerosols injected into the atmosphere reduced the solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface, cooling the atmosphere for several years and leading to famines and crop failures in Europe and elsewhere, although the exact scale of the temperature anomalies and their consequences is still debated. The eruption may have helped trigger the Little Ice Age, a centuries-long cold period during the last thousand years. Before the site of the eruption was known, an examination of ice cores around the world had found a large spike in sulfate deposition around 1257, providing strong evidence of a large volcanic eruption having occurred somewhere in the world. In 2013, scientists linked the historical records about Mount Samalas to these spikes. | [V 2] | |
Paektu | 946~ AD | North Korea & China | The 946 eruption of Paektu Mountain, also known as the Millennium Eruption or Tianchi eruption, was one of the most powerful in recorded history and is classified as a VEI 7 event. The eruption resulted in a brief period of significant climate change in Manchuria. The year of the eruption has not been precisely determined, but a possible year is A.D. 946. The eruption ejected about 100–120 cubic kilometres (24–29 cu mi) of tephra and collapsed the mountain into a caldera, which now contains the crater lake Heaven Lake. The eruption began with a strong Plinian column, and ended with voluminous pyroclastic flows. An average of 5 cm (2.0 in) of Plinian ashfall and coignimbrite ashfall covered about 1,500,000 km2 (580,000 sq mi) of the Sea of Japan and northern Japan. This ash layer has been named the "Baegdusan-Tomakomai ash"(B-Tm). It probably occurred in winter in late A.D. 946. This was one of the largest and most violent eruptions in the last 5000 years along with the Hatepe eruption of Lake Taupo at around 180 AD, the 1257 eruption of Mount Samalas near Mount Rinjani, and the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora. | [V 3] | |
Hatepe | 180~ AD | New Zealand | The Hatepe eruption, named for the Hatepe Plinian pumice tephra layer, sometimes referred to as the Taupo eruption and dated to around 180 AD, was Lake Taupo's most recent major eruption. It is considered New Zealand's largest eruption during the last 20,000 years. The eruption ejected some 120 km3 (29 cu mi), of which 30 km3 (7.2 cu mi) was ejected in a few minutes. This makes it one of the most violent eruptions in the last 5000 years, comparable to the Minoan eruption in the 2nd millennium BC, the 946 eruption of Paektu Mountain and the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora. The resulting ash turned the sky red over Rome and China. | [V 4] | |
Vesuvius | 79~ AD | Italy | This is considered the most violent eruption of the Vesuvius in historical times. Dated in 79 AD, it destroyed the Roman cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum, Oplontis and Stabiae, as well as several other settlements. The only surviving eyewitness account of the event consists of two letters by Pliny the Younger to the historian Tacitus. Fomenko and others before him suggest that this eruption is described in the Old Testament and the Koran as the destruction of Sodom and Gomorra. There are many places in the old Testament that could be describing an active Volaco: "the Lord said unto Moses, Lo, I come unto thee in a thick cloud… upon mount Sinai… when the trumpet soundeth long, they shall come up to the mount… there were thunders and lightnings, and a thick cloud upon the mount, and the voice of the trumpet exceeding loud… And mount Sinai was altogether in smoke, because the Lord descended upon it in fire: and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly. And when the voice of the trumpet sounded long, and waxed louder and louder, Moses spake, and God answered him by a voice.” (Exodus 19:9, 19:11, 19:13, 19:16, 19:18-19) and "Then the Lord rained down brimstone and fire on Sodom and on Gomorrah from the Lord out of heaven, and He overthrew (demolished, ended) those cities, and the entire valley, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and whatever grew on the ground.” (Genesis 19:24-25). Others have looked for evidence of a volcano or the 2 cities around the Middle East, without success. | [V 5] |
- Extreme weather events of 535–536[X 1]
" "
Earthquakes
Date | Time | Place | Lat | Long | Deaths | Mag | Comments | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1831 BC or 1731 BC or 1652 BC | Xia China Mount Tai earthquake |
? | ? | Listed in the Bamboo Annals | [Q 1] | |||
464 BC | Sparta, Greece 464 BC Sparta earthquake |
? | 7.2 (approx) | Template:M Led to a helot uprising and strained relations with Athens, one of the factors that led to the Peloponnesian War | [Q 2] | |||
226 BC | Rhodes, Greece 226 BC Rhodes earthquake |
? | – | Destroyed Colossus of Rhodes and city of Kameiros | [Q 3] | |||
60 BC | Portugal and Galicia coasts | ? | 8.5 | Caused a tsunami | [Q 4] | |||
AD 17 | At night | Asia minor 17 AD Lydia earthquake |
37.85 | 27.3 | ? | Destroyed 13 cities in Asia (minor) | Described by the historians Tacitus and Pliny the Elder | |
February 5, AD 62 | Bay of Naples, Italy 62 Pompeii earthquake |
? | 5–6 | Brought down a large part of Pompeii, caused severe damage in Herculaneum and Nuceria. | Seneca describes it in his "Quaestiones Naturales VI" [Q 5] | |||
AD 110 | Dian Kingdom, Yunnan, southwestern China | probably thousands | – | Flooded administrative centre of the Dian Kingdom | [Q 6] | |||
December 13, AD 115 | Antioch, Middle East 115 Antioch earthquake |
36.1 | 36.1 | ~260,000 | 7.5 | Ms | [Q 7] | |
May 18, 363 AD | Syria Galilee earthquake of 363 |
"thousands" | ~7 | Destruction also in "The Holy Land", Petra | Ammianus Marcellinus[Q 8] and numerous other late Antiquity writers[Q 9] | |||
July 21, AD 365 | Crete (Greece) 365 Crete earthquake |
"thousands" | XI | Destruction also in Cyrene & Alexandria (by tsunami). Uplifted Crete by 9 metres. | Ammianus Marcellinus[Q 8] and numerous other late Antiquity writers[Q 9] | |||
382 | Cape St. Vincent, Portugal | 7.5 | According to Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus, the earthquake and corresponding tsunami sank two islets that were situated near Cape St. Vincent. | Ammianus Marcellinus | ||||
May 19, AD 526 | Antioch, Turkey 526 Antioch earthquake |
250,000 | 7.0 | The city of Antioch was greatly damaged, and some decades later the city's population was just 300,000. | Procopius, II.14.6; sources based on John of Ephesus | |||
July 6, AD 551 | Beirut, Tyre, Tripoli, Lebanon 551 Beirut earthquake |
33.9 | 35.5 | 30,000 | 7.5 | Mw Triggered a devastating tsunami, all the cities of the Phoenician coast from Tyre to Tripoli were reduced to ruins | [Q 10] | |
January 18, AD 749[Q 11][10] | The Levant 749 Galilee earthquake |
"tens of thousands" | 7 to 7.5 (approx) | The cities of Tiberias, Beit She'an, Hippos and Pella were largely destroyed while many other cities across the Levant region were heavily damaged. | [Q 11] | |||
November 24, AD 847 | Damascus, Syria 847 Antioch earthquake |
33.5 | 36.3 | 70,000 | 7.3 | [Q 10][11] | ||
December AD 856 | Corinth, Greece | 37.9 | 22.9 | 45,000 | – | [Q 12][Q 13] | ||
December 22, AD 856 (aftershocks for about a year) | Qumis, Iran. From Khuvar to Bastam and Gurgan. The town of Qumis (Hecatompylos) hardest hit. 856 Damghan earthquake |
36.23 | 54.14 | 45,000–200,000. | The city of Qumis was half destroyed and had 45,096 casualties. | [Q 12][12] | ||
July 13, AD 869 | Sendai, Japan 869 Sanriku earthquake |
38.5 | 143.8 | ~1,000 | 8.6–9.0 | Ms | [Q 14] | |
March 23, AD 893 | Ardabil, Iran 893 Ardabil earthquake |
38.28 | 48.30 | 150,000 | – | – | Regarded as a 'fake earthquake', due to misunderstanding of original Armenian sources for the 893 Dvin event.[Q 15][Q 16][Q 17][Q 18] | |
December 28, AD 893 | Dvin, Armenia 893 Dvin earthquake |
40.0 | 44.6 | 30,000 | – | Mislocated in India | [Q 19] | |
December, 1037 | Taizhou, Jiangsu, China | 32.0 | 119.0 | 22,391 | [Q 20][13] | |||
August 12, 1042 | Palmyra, Baalbek, Syria, Lebanon | 35.1 | 38.9 | 50,000 | 7.2 (>VIII) | [Q 10][Q 12] | ||
March 18, 1068 | Near East 1068 Near East earthquake |
20,000 | ≥ 7.0 | [Q 21][Q 22] | ||||
October 11, 1138 | Aleppo, Syria 1138 Aleppo earthquake |
36.1 | 36.8 | 230,000 | 7.1 | [Q 10][Q 19] | ||
August 12, 1157 | 08:15 | Hama, Syria 1157 Hama earthquake |
35.1 | 36.3 | "Tens of thousands" | 7.2 | Template:M Largest in a sequence lasting from late 1156 to early 1159 | [Q 10][Q 19][Q 23] |
February 4, 1169 | Sicily, Italy 1169 Sicily earthquake |
37.3 | 15.0 | 15,000 | X | [Q 24] | ||
June 29, 1170 | 06:29 | Eastern Mediterranean 1170 Syria earthquake |
34.4 | 36.4 | 5,000[Q 25]-80,000 in Aleppo 25,000 in Hama |
7.3–7.5[Q 26] −7.7[14] | Syria, Lebanon, central southern Turkey | Numerous sources from Crusader times[15][16] |
July 5, 1201 and/or May 20, 1202 | Eastern Mediterranean 1202 Syria earthquake |
1,100,000 (includes famine/disease deaths) | 7.6 | Damage across a wide area from Syria to Upper Egypt | – | |||
May 11, 1222 | 06:15 | Cyprus 1222 Cyprus earthquake |
34.7 | 32.6 | 7.0–7.5 | Caused damage at Paphos, Limassol and Nicosia | [Q 27] | |
1268 | Cilicia, Anatolia (Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia) 1268 Cilicia earthquake |
37.5 | 35.5 | 60,000 | 7 (approx) | – | ||
September 27, 1290 | Chihli (Hopeh), China 1290 Chihli earthquake |
41.5 | 119.3 | 100,000 | 6.8 | Ms | [Q 28] | |
May 26, 1293 | Kamakura, Kanagawa, Kantō, Japan 1293 Kamakura earthquake |
35.2 | 139.4 | 23,024 | 7.1 | [Q 29] | ||
August 8, 1303 | 06:00 | 1303 Crete earthquake, Greece | 35 | 27 | up to 10,000 | ~8 | Triggered a major tsunami that devastated Alexandria in Egypt | [Q 30] |
January 1, 1341 | Crimea, Ukraine | Not known | 6 | [Q 31] | ||||
January 25, 1348 | 15:00 | Friuli, Venice, Rome Earthquake of 1348 |
46.37 | 13.58 | 10,000 | 6.9 | [Q 12] | |
October 18, 1356 | Basel, Switzerland 1356 Basel earthquake |
47.5 | 07.6 | 1,000 | 6.2 | Template:M | [Q 32] | |
May 21, 1382 | Canterbury, UK 1382 Dover Straits earthquake |
? | 5.8 | Struck during synod – later called "Earthquake Synod" – called to condemn heresy of John Wycliffe – some saw as portentous | [Q 33][Q 34] | |||
February 2, 1428 | Catalonia (now Spain) Catalan earthquake of 1428 |
42.4 | 2.2 | 1,000s | VIII–IX | Sometimes called the terratrèmol de la candelera because it took place during the Candlemas. | [Q 35][Q 36] | |
3 May 1481 | 03:00 | Rhodes, Greece 1481 Rhodes earthquake |
36.0 | 28.0 | 30,000 | 7.1 | Largest of a series that lasted 10 months | [Q 37] |
September 20, 1498 | 08:00 local time | Honshu, Japan 1498 Nankai earthquake |
34.0 | 138.1 | 31,000 | 8.6 | Ms | [Q 38] |
See also
References
Fomenko
General
Eclipses
Supernovae
Volcanic eruptions
Earthquakes
- ↑ Bamboo Annals, listed under Xia chapters on King Fa's 7th year.
- ↑ Template:Cite journal
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- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Ammianus Marcellinus, "Res Gestae", 26.10.15–19
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 For summaries of the sources, see Template:Cite journal
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Template:Cite journal
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Template:Cite news
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 IISEENET (Information Network of Earthquake disaster Prevention Technologies) – Search Page
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- ↑ Berberian, M. 2006. Contribution to the Seismotectonics of Iran (Part III). Geological and Mining Survey of Iran.
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- ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Template:Cite web Cite error: Invalid
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- ↑ Ayyubid Architecture, Chapter 7 by Terry Allen
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- ↑ USGS page of most destructive earthquakes Template:Webarchive
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- ↑ Lambert, J., Winter1, T., Dewez, T.J.B. & Sabourault, P. 2004. New hypotheses on the maximum damage area of the 1356 Basel earthquake (Switzerland). Quaternary Science Reviews, 24, 381–399. Template:Webarchive
- ↑ "Earthquake Synod." In Cross, F. L. and E. A. Livingstone, eds. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. London: Oxford UP, 1974. p. 437
- ↑ De Hamel, Christopher. The Book. A History of the Bible. London: Phaidon Press Limited, 2001. p. 169
- ↑ Josep Perarnau i Espelt (2002). "La lletra de Felip de Malla informant el rei Alfons del terratrèmol de la Candelera, 1428". Arxiu de textos catalans antics, 21:665–670. ISSN 0211-9811
- ↑ E. Banda and A. M. Correig (1984), "The Catalan earthquake of February 2, 1428", Engineering Geology, 20:89–97.
- ↑ Template:Cite web
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- ↑ Modern estimates vary widely; see SN 185 for more detail.
- ↑ Template:Cite journal
- ↑ "New evidence links stellar remains to oldest recorded supernova" Chandra X-ray Observatory, released 2006-09-18, revised 2009-02-20, retrieved 2010-02-26.
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